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PRACTICE EBM BITS 145 The Journal Impact Factor 2021 On June 30, 2022, the Clarivate™ 9,588 of the 9,626 journals in- comparison, the 20 scientific journ- media group published the new cluded have a journal impact factor als with the highest JIF are con- rankings of scientific journals with (JIF). trasted. The overview is concluded impact factor in its Journal Citation The dental journals that had a with current critical comments on Reports. For the 2021 reporting year, JIF in 2021 are listed below. For the JIF. JIF JIF JIF JIF JIF JIF JIF JIF rank Journal 2021 2020 rank rank Journal 2021 2020 rank 2021 2020 2021 2020 1 International Journal of 24.897 6.344 4 24 International Journal of 3.654 --- --- Oral Science Oral Implantology 2 Periodontology 2000 12.239 7.589 2 25 Clinical Oral 3.606 3.573 21 Investigations 3 Journal of Dental 8.924 6.116 5 Research 26 Journal of Oral 3.558 3.837 19 Rehabilitation 4 Journal of Clinical 7.478 8.728 1 Periodontology 27 Journal of Oral Pathol- 3.539 4.253 15 ogy & Medicine 5 Japanese Dental Science 6.468 5.093 11 Dentomaxillofacial Review 28 Radiology 3.525 2.419 49 6 Oral Oncology 5.972 5.337 7 Journal of Prosthodon- 7 Dental Materials 5.687 5.304 8 29 tics – Implant, Esthetic, 3.485 2.757 36 International and Reconstructive 8 Endodontic Journal 5.165 5.264 10 Dentistry 30 Journal of the American 3.454 3.634 20 9 Journal of Evidence- 5.100 5.267 9 Dental Association Based Dental Practice 31 Dental Traumatology 3.328 3.333 27 10 Clinical Oral Implants 5.021 5.977 6 Research 32 International Journal of 3.264 3.455 24 Paediatric Dentistry 11 Journal of Dentistry 4.991 4.379 14 33 Progress in 3.247 2.750 37 12 Journal of 4.494 6.993 3 Orthodontics Periodontology Journal of Cranio- 13 Journal of Endondontics 4.422 4.171 16 34 Maxillofacial Surgery 3.192 2.078 61 14 Journal of Prosthodontic 4.338 4.642 12 35 Journal of Applied 3.144 2.698 38 Research Oral Science 15 Journal of Adhesive 4.309 2.359 51 36 European Journal of 3.131 3.075 29 Dentistry Orthodontics Clinical Implant Oral and Maxillofacial 16 Dentistry and Related 4.259 3.932 18 37 Surgery Clinics of North 3.130 2.802 33 Research America 17 Journal of Prosthetic 4.148 3.426 25 38 Journal of Esthetic and 3.040 2.843 31 Dentistry Restorative Dentistry 18 Molecular Oral 4.107 3.563 22 39 Implant Dentistry 3.000 2.454 47 Microbiology International Journal of 19 Oral Diseases 4.068 3.511 23 40 Oral and Maxillofacial 2.986 2.789 34 Surgery 20 Journal of Periodontal 3.946 4.419 13 Research 41 International Journal of 2.984 2.384 50 Implant Dentistry 21 Caries Research 3.918 4.056 17 22 BMC Oral Health 3.747 2.757 35 42 Operative Dentistry 2.937 2.440 48 Journal of Dental Table 1 Journal impact factor (JIF) for 2021 for the 92 journals 23 Sciences 3.719 2.080 59 listed in the category Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine with comparison of the previous year’s JIF. Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB: Jens C. Türp, DDS, Dr med dent, MSc, M.A., Professor Citation: Türp JC: The journal impact factor 2021. Dtsch Zahnärztl Z Int 2022; 4: 145–148 DOI.org/10.53180/dzz-int.2022.0017 © Deutscher Ärzteverlag | DZZ International | Deutsche Zahnärztliche Zeitschrift International | 2022; 4 (5) 146 PRACTICE EBM BITS JIF JIF JIF JIF JIF JIF JIF JIF rank Journal 2021 2020 rank rank Journal 2021 2020 rank 2021 2020 2021 2020 43 International Journal of 2.923 1.883 67 69 Acta Odontologica 2.232 2.331 53 Computerized Dentistry Scandinavica International Journal of International Journal of 44 Oral and Maxillofacial 2.912 2.804 32 70 Periodontics & 2.227 1.840 71 Implants Restorative Dentistry 45 Odontology 2.885 2.634 40 71 Quintessence 2.175 1.677 76 International 46 Medicina Oral, Patolo- 2.883 2.047 62 gía Oral y Cirugía Bucal 72 European Journal of 2.160 2.612 43 Oral Sciences 47 Gerodontology 2.750 2.980 30 48 British Dental Journal 2.727 1.626 79 73 Journal of Oral and 2.136 1.895 66 Maxillofacial Surgery 49 International Journal of 2.725 2.477 46 Journal of Periodontal Dental Hygiene 74 and Implant Science 2.086 2.614 42 American Journal of British Journal of Oral & 50 Orthodontics and 2.711 2.650 39 75 Maxillofacial Surgery 2.018 1.651 78 Dentofacial Orthopedics 51 Angle Orthodontist 2.684 2.079 60 76 Journal of Advanced 1.989 1.904 65 Prosthodontics 52 Brazilian Oral Research 2.674 2.203 --- 77 Cleft Palate-Craniofacial 1.915 1.433 83 53 Archives of Oral Biology 2.640 2.633 41 Journal 54 International Dental 2.607 2.512 45 78 Oral Radiology 1.882 1.852 70 Journal Orthodontics & 79 International Journal 1.785 1.681 75 55 Craniofacial Research 2.563 1.826 72 of Prosthodontics Oral Surgery, Oral 80 American Journal 1.748 1.522 82 56 Medicine, Oral Pathol- 2.538 2.589 44 of Dentistry ogy and Oral Radiology Australian Endodontic 81 Journal 1.719 1.659 77 57 European Journal of 2.528 2.355 52 Dental Education Cranio – The Journal Community Dentistry 82 of Craniomandibular 1.670 2.020 63 58 and Oral Epidemiology 2.489 3.383 26 Practice Journal of Stomatology, 83 Journal of Oral Science 1.630 1.556 81 59 Oral and Maxillofacial 2.480 1.569 80 Oral Health & Surgery 84 Preventive Dentistry 1.595 1.256 87 60 Journal of Oral Facial 2.457 1.871 69 Journal of Oral Pain & Headache 85 Implantology 1.546 1.779 74 61 Dental Materials Journal 2.418 2.102 58 86 Korean Journal of 1.361 1.372 84 62 Pediatric Dentistry 2.378 1.874 68 Orthodontics Journal of Orofacial Or- 87 Journal of the Canadian 1.348 1.316 86 63 thopedics – Fortschritte 2.341 1.938 64 Dental Association der Kieferorthopädie European Journal of 88 Seminars in 1.340 0.970 89 64 Paediatric Dentistry 2.327 2.231 56 Orthodontics Journal of Dental 89 Journal of Clinical 1.338 1.065 88 65 Education 2.313 2.264 55 Pediatric Dentistry Australian Dental 90 Community Dental 1.330 1.349 85 66 Journal 2.259 2.291 54 Health 67 Journal of Public Health 2.258 1.821 73 91 Australasian 0.269 0.226 90 Dentistry Orthodontic Journal 68 Head & Face Medicine 2.246 2.151 57 92 Implantologie 0.127 0.125 91 Table 1 Journal impact factor (JIF) for 2021 for the 92 journals listed in the category Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine with comparison of the previous year’s JIF (continuation). © Deutscher Ärzteverlag | DZZ International | Deutsche Zahnärztliche Zeitschrift International | 2022; 4 (5) PRACTICE EBM BITS 147 Year JIF JIF rank2021 Journal JIF2021 2021 24.897 1 CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 286.130 2 Lancet 202.731 2020 6.344 3 New England Journal of Medicine 176.079 2019 3.047 4 Journal of the American Medical Association 157.335 2018 2.750 5 Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 113.915 6 Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 112.288 2017 4.138 7 Nature Reviews Immunology 108.555 2016 3.930 8 Lancet Respiratory Medicine 102.642 9 British Medical Journal 93.333 2015 2.595 10 Nature Medicine 87.241 2014 2.531 11 Lancet Microbe 86.208 2013 2.029 12 World Psychiatry 79.683 13 Nature Reviews Microbiology 78.297 2012 2.719 14 Lancet Psychiatry 77.056 2011 1.411 15 Nature Reviews Materials 76.679 2010 0.815 16 Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 73.082 17 Lancet Public Health 72.427 Table 2 Development of the JIF of the 18 Chemical Reviews 72.087 International Journal of Oral Science between 2010 and 2020. 19 Lancet Infectious Diseases 71.421 20 Nature Reviews Cancer 69.800 … … Included journals and 9,588 Sen-I Gakkaishi (Journal of the Society of Fiber 0.016 Science and Technology, Japan) general development Table 3 The 20 scientific journals with the highest journal impact factor (JIF) and the The Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine bottom of the ranking of 2021. Note: Nineteen of the top 20 journals are from the category includes 92 journals with a biomedical field. JIF, one more than in previous years due to • the new inclusion of the Inter- national Journal of Oral Implantology and • the journal Brazilian Oral Research, which was included too late in the previous year, To “rank” the JIF of dental journ- Criticism of the JIF • while eliminating the title European als in the overall picture of all scien- The numerous weaknesses and short- Journal of Oral Implantology (re- tific journals, Table 3 shows the comings of the JIF have been exten- named International Journal of Oral 20 journals with the highest JIF sively documented in the literature Implantology as of January 2019) values. (e.g., [3, 8]) and in the JIF-specific (Table 1). analyses published annually in this The 2021 JIF values range from journal and the Deutsche Zahn - 0.127 (the German-language journal ärztliche Zeitschrift since 2015. In the Implantologie) to – almost in- “The citation frequency is often past 12 months, criticisms have in- credibly for dental journals – 24.897 equated with the quality of cluded (Table 4): (International Journal of Oral a journal. However, this is • The calculation of the JIF as an Science), tripling the peak value of incorrect. The citation frequency arithmetic mean, the previous year (8.728, Journal of can only be used for statements • the lack of differentiation between Clinical Peri odontology; see Table 2 about the impact of a scientific the various publication types (re- for the evo lution of this journal). article, less for the content- search articles, reviews, clinical rec- Although the JIF-related arithmetic related quality of the results.” ommendations, etc.), mean of all dental journals in- Dr. Jasmin Schmitz, head of publication consulting, • the manipulative-distorting in- creased from just under 2.9 in 2020 Publisso, ZB MED – Information Centre for fluence of self-citations and ci- to just almost 3.4 in 2021, 24 of the Life Sciences, Cologne, Germany [6] tation cartels, 91 journals have a lower JIF than in • the misconception that contribu- the previous year. tions published in JIF journals are © Deutscher Ärzteverlag | DZZ International | Deutsche Zahnärztliche Zeitschrift International | 2022; 4 (5) 148 PRACTICE EBM BITS Citation Source “One of the most commonly noted constraints of the JIF is its calculation as a mean. This mode of data repre- sentation has the potential limitation of a small number of highly cited manuscripts disproportionately influenc- Daugherty et al. ing the JIF. Therefore, if the number of citations per article is a skewed distribution, a metric based on a calcu- [1] lation of a mean could render an evaluation that is not representative of the majority of the articles included in the calculation.” “The other most commonly described constraint of the JIF is an aggregate index encompassing many different Daugherty et al. types of publications that include not only original research articles but also reviews, guidelines, and state- [1] ments, which have higher citation metrics.” “For example, a journal (A) scored almost a double increase in its IF during just 4 years. It turned out that in a review published in another journal (B), out of 490 references 445 were citations of articles published by jour- nal A and all of them during 2 years from which the journal’s IF was calculated. Incidentally, three of the four Górski et al. [2] authors of that review were on the editorial board of journal A. While self-citations are very easy to identify, ci- tation cartels are difficult to track and can do the most harm to scientometrics based on manipulated data.” “In view of the above, we can conclude that the evaluation of the quality of publications based exclusively on Salamanca the impact of the journal in which the article was published is, in addition to being imprecise, unfair in the case Castro [5] of the nursing discipline, given the limited possibility of publishing in this type of journal for our group.” “Although the JIF refers to a journal as a whole and says nothing about the influence or even the scientific quality of individual articles, it is often used to assess the research performance of scientists. This is not the only Open Access reason why the JIF is often criticized. It is also highly dependent on the subject area and thus not comparable Network [4] across disciplines; in addition, it only takes into account the past two years in each case. The calculation is not very transparent and often not independently reproducible.” “To be able to cite journals by rank, JIFs are given to three decimal places and without confidence intervals or University of error bars. However, this data accuracy is an illusion. Measuring citation counts is not an exact science, as has Zurich [7] been shown in several examples in bibliometrics, e.g., Vanclay, 2012.” Table 4 Critical statements on the JIF Tab. 1–4: J. C. Türp automatically of high quality or 3. Larivière V, Sugimoto CR: The Journal that only articles published in JIF Impact Factor: A brief history, critique, journals are of high quality, and discussion of adverse effects. • the lack of comparability among arXiv:1801.08992v2 2018 URL: different disciplines, https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.08992: • the misconception that the JIF is a 4. Open Access Network: Qualitäts- precise value. sicherung und Impact-Messung. 2022. URL: https://open-access.network/infor mieren/open-access-grundlagen/quali- taetssicherung-und-impact-messung Conflict of interest 5. Salamanca Castro AB: Calidad de una revista científica: mucho más que impac- The author declares that there is no to. Nure Inv 2022; 19(117): 1–2 conflict of interest as defined by the 6. Schmitz J: Journal Impact Factor und Photo: Basilisk, Basel guidelines of the International Com- Alternativen. 2017. URL: https://www. mittee of Medical Journal Editors. publisso.de/open-access-beraten/faqs/ JENS C. TÜRP journal-impact-factor-und-alternativen/ DDS, DR MED DENT, MSc, M.A., 7. University of Zurich, The Main Li- PROFESSOR References brary‘s Blog.: 2021 Journal Citation Re- Department of Oral Health & Medicine ports with 2020 Impact Factor. URL: University Center for Dental Medicine 1. Daugherty A, Hegele RA, Lu HS, https://www.uzh.ch/blog/hbz/2021/07/ Basel UZB Mackman N, Rader DJ, Weber C: Web of 08/2021-journal-citation-reports- Mattenstrasse 40 Science’s citation median metrics over- with-2020-impact-factor/?lang=en CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland come the major constraints of the journal 8. Vanclay JK: Impact factor: outdated jens.tuerp@unibas.ch impact factor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc artefact or stepping-stone to journal cer- Biol 2022; 42: 367–371 tification? Scientometrics 2012; 92: 2. Górski A, Zimecki M, Krotkiewski H: 211–238 Journal impact factor and self-citations. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69: 21 © Deutscher Ärzteverlag | DZZ International | Deutsche Zahnärztliche Zeitschrift International | 2022; 4 (5)
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