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c t the din in head the input and the language acquisition device steohen d krashen universiry southern california of his paper phenolhenon papcr absrr cr 7 i disltlsses a ...

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                                                                                                                                                c(\t 
                                                                                         The Din in                                               Head.
                                                                                                                                   the 
                                                                                                                   Input, 
                                                                                                                                            and the
                                                             Language Acquisition Device
                                                                                                                Steohen D. Krashen
                                                                           Universiry  Southern California
                                                                                                         of 
                                                                                                                                      (his 
                                                      paper                     phenolhenon                                                 papcr 
                               ABsrR^cr 7!'i                    disLtlsses a                              Thc carly s.cr ions oJ                    dcscribc rhc Din
                                                                                                                           repcar 
                                           ta ,tunf lunsuuEe acqun?rc, or inrolun'                    in lhc Head. I                 hcrc Prolcs{tr Lla.bcls in-
                              Jartiliat 
                                     wheutyl                                  ||ards,                                   lucid 
                               tat!                aJ se@n.l la1Euuse                   saurds, sigh(lul and                    dcsc.iption ot hc' c\pcricncc.
                                     phruses. 
                               and               CuRnt se.and lahguake aqubilion                      thcn add onc ofrny o$n. Thc nci sccrion bricly
                                             we                                            ".lin'     rcvicss            rcccnr work in                  l.rng!aec 
                               thaaD. as           as .ase histotr rcpans oJ the                                 somc                         sccond                  ac-
                                                   \'i1h                                              quisition                     is.clc\anr               final 
                               drc o4sist.41              the hlpothesb that the dn1 in                             Ihcorl rhar                     ro thc          tcc-
                                                                                                                                                        phcnomrnon
                               !h? hedd is d             ofsttrrlklttut                                       somc hypolhcses abour thc Di. 
                                                 rctult                      of the lahsxase 1ion. 
                               acqutrtio,                 and                    \'hcn                               suegesrions as  irs uriliry in languagc
                                               dcrtce,          is  set oJJ"             tht !t-      and sone                           ro 
                               qttnet 
                                        rcLei?s sls,iJndnI atnouh!s.l otnpfthen                       r.aching and acquisiLion. Th.  hyporhcscs are
                                                                          prucli.ul 
                               sibte ntprt. The             ,t1!  hdve                                based eDrirely oD whar can bc te.med anecdoral
                                                      dih                              wlue; it
                                                                 prordnls 
                               t71a! tett us \|hen ve dlc                       ntput                 and scli:r.p(nt.d dara. Th.) may, houc\cr, be
                                                                                        Jot.eal                                                            proccdu'.s
                               larEuase a../uisltio ln                .lestes.                        rcsrablc usnrg morc rigjd .xpcrimcDral 
                                                                ont                                                                           (he 
                                                                                                                                       wi(h        repons  wilh
                                                                                                      and a.c consisrcnr both                                 and 
                                                                                                      $ha( is                  knoen abou(                    lansuagc
                                                                                                                  cLrrcnllj-                       sccond 
                                  P'olcssor Llizabdh Barbcr ol Occidcrral Col
                               lcsc        .cccntly                    phcnomenon 
                                     has               dcscribcd a                        in hel
                                            second languagc                                           D.soiplions ol lhc Din
                               Fisonal                              acqujsition cxpcricncc
                                      l!                jn(cresring.                                      We firn Lur! ro P'oltsor  Barber's descriprion,
                               thal  exl.cnrely                          Ir is an cxpcricncc
                                                                                                                          paper 
                               many  us have had in                                                   raken fronr a                on lansuage acquisirion aDd
                                        of                        allempling ro acquirc a
                               sccond languase in.aLUral circumnanc.s and applicd lineujsrics. Proltssor Barbcr is borh a
                                                                                                      linguist 
                               somcrimcs nr lbrmal circumsrances. I vill suee$L                                   and an a.cheolog;r. and rhis exccrpt
                               hcrc thar rhis cxpcriencc, rhc                   in rhe Head," dcscribcs hcr lanluagc acquisirion lnd languagc
                                                                        "Din                                                                 (lip 
                                                                                           prac                                    reccnl 
                               may bc of impo ancc borh Lhcorctically and                             use cipcricnc$ on a                          ro Europc:
                                             nay          rcsuh 
                               Ircall}. Il         bc a            ol rh. opcralion of rh.
                               languagc                              (LAD)                  na)          ''I .ndr l!n hlLrfav.lLine in a dozcn.ountri.s, mon.
                                            acquisllion dcvice                itscll, and 
                                                                 pracricalcnds.                       l!  D  Eare,n  EufoFc. Sjncc I Nas $.rknre  r.tlicr  than
                                                           rcry                         hlr 
                               bc urilizcd lbr sonc                                   Ir       b.
                                                us. lor                        long langraSc r.uriDe, I had ro comnu.icar.  in an)_ la.guagc I could
                               abl€ 10 lcll               c&rnplc, ho$                                                               yea^agoand 
                                                                                                                                                           r0!d 
                               lesons should bc, and $hcn Lhcr a.c rfi..rirc.                         I hadnudicd Ru$ianrcn                           had        n sonc
                                                                                                      \incc, bur I h.d  nlvcr  sD.k..  ir $u.b:  I had i.ai.cd
                                                                                                      oo  ern  Or.ck  by  rravelling  on!  slmnicr  in  lhe
                                  p:ia                  (Ph.D.,.6;ueoi1y                              ballsoodr  ol G,!.c!,  qnh enc  hcLF h.m  nj_ cla!Lral
                               St        D. kmhen                            or cairo,nh, t-or        Cr.ck,        I had i.vcr  rcad r  rD.l had ro{ us.d r  ar all
                               Arr.ld) i! ?ro,s       6f                                                       bur 
                                                        linrukis  ai rh. Univdlity.f Sdtndi                                                                trhich 
                               Calitomia,  ls    A]l8clq.                                             in thc i  .rvcnirs  s.\cn(ccr  )carr. Fr.nch,                I had
                                                                                                                              qL 
                                                                                                                        ^) 
                                                                                                                      L/|:Iv.          -
                                                                                                                                                ANNAI,S
                                                                                                                              LANGUAGE 
                                                                                                                FOREIGN 
                                 42
                                                                                                                           in New Yofk knrdly invired
                                                                             r*clvc and hnd       Lhe GoeIhc lnniluc 
                                                Frcnch schoolyard ar ago 
                                  Lcarned in a                                                            participatc         workshot/synrposium on
                                  (udied                            c.rnr^n,  uhich I  had        me 1o                 in a 
                                           i.  hifh  school, and 
                                                                                         im-
                                                                              eere nrore                                                      wiLh several
                                          .Dc summcr by cofl.snondcnc.,                           rcond  lansuagc acqujsrion. alone 
                                  nudied 
                                                                                        ftom
                                                                rcad and spolen bolh 
                                  nicdrlrc\ sc^iccabl.: I had                                            Noflh Amcrican and Erropean scholar.
                                                                                                  orher 
                                                                                                                                                       wcrc
                                                dur thal lhccurakr\ I *a. $.rki.3  $nh.r         Thc ro.kin8  lansua-qcs of lh! sy'nposium 
                                    ''lr rurned                                                                            Lhe usualFmcLicc bcinsrhar
                                                                       norhins bur Ru{ian         Enslish and Ccdnan, 
                                  lh. Hcrntascin Lenin-sr!d stokc                                                   presenr 
                                                                                                            wolld            thcir work and makc rhen
                                                                             rhc thid,  I \as     schola^ 
                                  Thc tun day I was ronsue ri€d, bul by                                        in        own languag., assunrirg lhar
                                  g.tinealonC wcll            Thar r, $c$ere franagnero           codncnrs        rhcir 
                                                     enough.                                                  would be able to undeBland.
                                                                               (o                 allothcrs 
                                                               and fonh and       c.joy o.c
                                      rhc infonnarion ba.k 
                                  set                                                                                               ailh !)mc lineukric
                                                                              I  sas acurcl)        lcamc ro rhe conic.cncc 
                                                              even rhouEh 
                                  anorhefs acquainrnncc,                                                                                        an! extent
                                  awarc rhal  I  sas  makinF                          cro6        hesnarion. I had nor Lrscd Ccrman ro 
                                                                      -r.dnimaricaL                            whcn I had           I0 monrhs io Vi.nna.
                                                      saseirht. rhar or hopclc*ly nalllh.         since 1962,               spenr 
                                                Bur i{ 
                                  c\ert\h.re.                                                                                                       prcscn'
                                                                                       adl..'
                                                          {ork.  AnJ_ self.esp.ctlns                       ii.sl day  rhe symposium, allrhc 
                                  ..nvcFari.n and rhe                                             On rhc             of 
                                                         you                   ld()  posiible
                                  ri!e in Rursian             on rhc ordcr of                                                    $ith         part 
                                                                                                           were in Enelish              onlt         o1 rhe
                                                   ei\cs                             ro casc,     ralions 
                                  caleSorles .l  ldns  ro choose from, ac.ordr.B                                             whcn Gcrman was ustd, it
                                            gcnd.r.                        m.n!.n  long and       discussion in German. 
                                  numbe.,            r.d  animacy, nol lo                                                                      I fclt 
                                                                                      to dive     dad. lrc somctrhal uncomiotuble                     "Cer
                                                                         ll     halc 
                                                                clalses 
                                                and declcnsion 
                                  shorr torms                               vou                                                would                    and
                                                      tosclect a iormconsciousLv,  lind           dan shy," not surc I                  u.derstand, 
                                            labyrinrh                                vou 
                                  inrorhis                                                                                                                to
                                                                                                  in              ralk thar ocnins, nor at allcager 
                                                                       your       $on mor            rh€ casral 
                                         you           proudly \vilh         hatd 
                                  Rh.n        su.facc                                                                             was              A majol
                                                                                    (he           usc Geinan. Thc nexr day             diflcrcnL. 
                                                                 n tc. nrilcsdotrn      nrad
                                  thrm.lhar rhcconlc'salidr                                       present.tion was nsdc in Gennan, lanins well
                                                   your                                socral
                                  Eirhcr rhar, o.       inrcrlocuror is sound aslc.t.                              It *as      a topic lhar nor oDlt in-
                                  paong rlnr  .ur  ro bc,more                    lran eran        o\q an hou..             on 
                                                                     'mp.na.r                                                                     pe.sonal-
                                                                                                            mc,            rhat conc€rned mc 
                                                              in a scicntilic conve^alion.        rcrcsrcd       bur one 
                                  marical corrcch.$, even 
                                                        aho. rhc linguh( in me*asnoriciDE                 $ork was even cit€d scveralrimcsl Alrer a
                                     ''By iherhnddar                                              ly. My 
                                                                          $ofds, sounds, in
                                  a risins dn or Rusian in my head:                               whilc I was so ensrosed rha( I                         rhe
                                                                                    \orccs                                              "Jorsof'(bar 
                                                                             r  rhc        ol
                                  ronarions,           all s*iofrins !bou1 
                                              rhrascs,                                            presenrarion                                        I fol
                                       peolle                                     our all                         was benrg madc in Cerman. 
                                  rhe          I ralkcd wirh. This dh blockcd                                                                           lery
                                                                                                                              to a largc cxten! !o a 
                                                                                          'nv     lo*ed it easily, lhanks 
                                                                  invesely                 to
                                         la.euaecs to a degree 
                                  olher                                      ltoponional                                      coDIcxr.
                                                                                            a     iamiliar exL.alinguisric 
                                                            Mary rimcs on thc trip, aflcr 
                                        well I kne$ rhem 
                                  how                                                                                                                 Fronr
                                                  giren                               al$.r_s        Piofessor Barbefs Din bcsan soon aller. 
                                   icw days of a         languagc, my social sig.ah                                                           Franciso Lt)
                                             in rhar lniguaSe, rcgardlen ofqhar I $as rry         Nes York, I ilcrv direc(l! 10 San 
                                  came our                                                                                         *here I conducred a
                                                                         E.!hsh, ol couae.        anothcr Gcorhc Instirule, 
                                               ar rhc monenL c\lepr 
                                   ins ro lalk                                                    {eekcnd vorkihot  on lansuasc reachine. On thc
                                                                  I  had lcaned my basic
                                   and  iDrc.cningly, Frsnch.                                     planc,                              jcI           rarll;ne
                                                                                                          rvalking          horcl, I      thc Din 
                                                                           and I havealwavs                         1o lh. 
                                                      bychild\ merhods, 
                                   henchai a.hild,                                          I                                                         When
                                                                             oi ir cleanlv at                             as Barber describcd it. 
                                                          switch in and our                       in n)  b.ain. exacrly 
                                   rcrained theabilityro 
                                                      And \hcrcas cernan was dLllicuh ro
                                   n.me.fr  no(ic..                                                 got          workshop I was, fbr thc llrsl Limc in
                                                                                          $as     I      ro thc 
                                   s*irch 10, Spa.nh, ny  mo!  recenr lanSuagc,                   yca6,              willine bul .agcr ro comnrunicalc
                                                                                                          nor onl!                            qilh 
                                                                                          five    in German, and I charrcdinCerman  rhepal
                                                                         so imcnse ailer 
                                     "Tb. sounds in my head be.ame                                                                        gcl              in
                                                                                                                     rhc brcaks and al         loBclh.rs 
                                                                      on rhem,like v,3'uch        ricipanrs during 
                                             I found nysellchcwlns 
                                   day! rbat                                                                                        I was confident and
                                                                                                       cvenine. I noriccd thar 
                                                                                          as I    the 
                                                          rhylhn ol my oln  ioo$rets 
                                   iirguisric cud, ro rhe                                                                  p€rfect. 
                                   qalkcd                               whencv.r I noticcd        fairly fluem. but nol              I {as nor orcrly con-
                                                       and nrEeuh5. 
                                           rhe iredLs                                                              my           and urashancdl! askcd
                                                               sould           ro knos whar       ccrn.d abour          etror 
                                                llnsqisr in ne        demtnd 
                                   thk din, rhe                                                                                       whcn somconesaid
                                                                                     was          lbr rcpcrjrion and clarificaLion 
                                                                      l.look whar I       say
                                                 Hallrhc rire I had 
                                   I wls slyiDs.                                                  sorndhins ldid nor undersrand.
                                                         recon{rucr Fhar n mcant fion lh.
                                       ur, o. somehoR 
                                   ing                                                carlicr.                                       lirrlc $hilc after rhe
                                               shi.h I had hcard it houa or days                          Din lasLcd oDly ibr a 
                                   conrcxr in                                                        Thc 
                                                                      phrases  cou6c $as
                                                  rehearal oi rhess            of 
                                   Thc connanr                                                                      Neekend. AItcr a ies days back
                                                                        qurkly       quicllyi     San Francisco 
                                           il easicr aDd casicr to sp.ak         and 
                                   makin!                                                                                    *ith                wilh Gcf
                                                                                                          in Los Anlelcs,           no conlacl 
                                          poppcdour                              Bur I hadno      hoine 
                                   rhings             asprslabri.arcdchunls.                                           scar                I was Gernran
                                                                                                  man, ir           to        olf. Soon 
                                                                               red nrro my                  b.gan 
                                   control ovc'  shar  my  Nbconsciou! 
                                                                                        ro bc
                                                         Ir fcd nrc $hat {  considet.d 
                                   ''.hcwel'each day. 
                                   nemorable llurlly  irom a Nrprising or {rcsful  or                                                        .cadc6 
                                                                                                    Thcsc t$o anccdorcs sboutd                        somc
                                                             whar                  marim.lly                                           Fnc 
                                             incidcDt nor           I  considered 
                                   isolatcd                                                                         phcnoftcni,                         ir 
                                                        my overall command ofRusian im           idea oilh. Din                    cnough lo.clalc  lo
                                   uselul. Nonerhele$,                                                                         prcscnl 
                                   proved                     Neek than n {ould hale h  a        rhcn otrn e\pcri.nce. I                 norc such dara
                                           nore in a sinsle                                                      re!ie{       some conceprs rn cur.cnr
                                              (qo               reading."l                       aftcr a bricf            of 
                                   momh or         ot inrensive                                            languaS€ acquisnion Iheory Ihar will bc
                                                                                                 lecond 
                                      I  rdd  now mr  osn  c\pc.ienc$,  ior  bccausc uscful in sraring hypotheses aboul Lhc Dnr latcr
                                                                      r5e)          . lr  laSr
                                   ,lc)                bJ. o..J'f.         dre r. 
                                         a.. JniqJr. 
                                                                                                                   J|,.,  -1
                                                                                                                           b 
                           FEBRUARY I983                                                                                            43
                           Serond Langurge Acquisnion                                   very 
                                                            Theoryr                  A       intercslrng 
                                                                                                         hypolhess 
                                                                                                                     is     $e 
                              Second  languagc                                                     presurc             rhat  acquirc
                                                       acquisjrion                 bcsl when 
                                                                        rhcort                 thc           ir conpl.rcty 
                           distinguishcs subconscious                                                                       o|l,  sben
                                                          l:ngua!e a.grlsr/ron anxrdy r zero. *ben 
                                                                                                         rhe 
                                                                                                             acqLr;eis focus 
                                  second language                                  ly                                         is enrtre
                                                      leorrdg. Acquisition            on 
                                                                              is         comnrunicalioni in 
                                                                                                               shon, when 
                            'ion                                                                                             the inLer
                           hyporhcsizcd ro bc subconscious 
                                                               in rhe              cbange 
                                                                      sense rhar           or input is so interesling 
                                                                                                                     that lhe 
                           while il is happcnire we are                                                                       acqui.er
                                                          nor usually aware 
                                                                              ot   "toreets" Lhat it is in a 
                           iti our focus                                                                     second laneuaee.
                                          is clscwhcre, 
                                                        on rhe mcssacc rhal is       We can 
                                                                                              summarize thc 
                                                                                                             above by saying 
                           be'ng                                                                                               that sec,
                                  colrrmunicaled. l hc 
                                                       !csults ofacqunitioD        ond languaee 
                                                                             are                 acquisilion occurs whcn 
                           aho n'bconscious                                                                                co6p.ehen-
                                                  we cannol 
                                                               al\ays describc siblc inpur is delivercd 
                                                                                                           in a low 
                           ouracquircd lnowlcdgc.                                                                    anxjcty siruarion,
                                                      bur, rarher, havc            whcn 
                                                                        a                real messages 
                                                                          "itel"                       ol rcaljnre.esr 
                           for corecrncss                                                                              arc transmlled
                                             in a languaee wc 
                                                                ha\c acquired.
                           Conscious learning is              rhe rulcs." 
                           plicir                  "kno*ins               o. cr   'l 
                                 knowledee. ln evc.yday                             he 
                                                           spcech, ir is  eran-        Din l{tpoiheeis
                           mar- ln my ric*.  res€arch suggens                        I prescnl 
                                                                   rhar acquisi,               now a 
                                                                                                       ccnrral hyporhcsis 
                                js                                                         phenomena,                      conccrn;re
                           rion  lar morc imponant 
                                                        rhan lcarnnre. Acquisi- lh€ Din                  a hypothcsis             trnh
                           rion is responsiblc                                                                         consislcnr 
                                                  ior       llucncy               rhe repofls 
                                                      our            in  second                as well 
                                                                                                       as thc rheory 
                                                                                                                     dcscrjbed 
                           laneuage, *hilc lcanrine srrres                                                                      above:
                                                            onlr as a Nlonilor,      The Dih  it  a  rcsuh  ol  slitrulotior    oJ  the
                           or cdrror: Ne use 
                                                our corscious 
                                                                 kno$lcdge 
                                                                             of   L 
                           rules orly     makc                                      anSudge Ac.tuisitiok  Deri.e.
                                       rc        corecrbns, 
                                                               cithcr bcfore 
                                      producc                                or This hypothclis 
                           alicr  we                                                               has rvo 
                                                                in                                          corollaries:(t) 
                                                                    rhc sccond                                              Thc Din 
                                                                                  scl ofi by comprchensibl.                          is
                                                                                                               inpurj      (2) 
                                                                                  put                                 and     This in-
                              The                                                      nceds ro                      quanriric! 
                                  thcory hyporhesizcs  {c                                       contain sisnificanr 
                                                        rhar    acquire in 
                                                                           only                                                 oi rhe
                           onc say:                                               acqunefs i + 
                                     by undesranding mcssases                                     I  structures which 
                                                                  in rhe                                              tbe 
                                                                        second        ye!          ,                      acquirer has
                           language                                      yel      nol     acquir€d                      (Note 
                                     rhar utilizc slruclurcs wc                                     but is'1eady" 
                           quired.                             halcnol      ac,       probably                     io..       that i +
                                    Put                               proceed! I is 
                                         difltrcnLly, ii  an                                     a set of srruclures 
                                                             acqujrcr                                               and norjust 
                                                                                     This                                        one.)
                           along a.                                                        hypoLhesis 
                                     order of acquisirion                                                is  clearly 
                                                           ol nrucLures:                                             consisrenr 
                                                                                  Barbels                                         lirh
                                                                                            rcpoft as $cll 
                                                                                                           as my 
                                                                                                                  osn. In both 
                                1234......i                                       rherc was                                      cascs,
                                                                                             considerablc 
                                                                                                           comprehcnsiblc 
                                                                                                                             input. 
                           trhce i rs                                                                                               In
                                     his or her current 
                                                        sragc of delelopmen(, Ilarber's 
                                                                                           case thc input 
                                                                                                           camc iiom inreraflion 
                           he or she      proceed                                                                                  and
                                     can           to                             in 
                                                      lhe next sbDcture              mycase 
                                                                          i  +  l            rhc Din was figsc.cd        good 
                                                                                                                    by a       dose 
                           by undestanding                                                                                          ot
                                              input thar 
                                                          contains i +  1.1
                             We acquirc,                                                       (2) 
                                           in othersords. via                                      prcdicrs 
                                                               .onryrchensible Corollarr                    rhal 
                                                                                                                 thc Din will 
                           /nprl,    listcning                                                                                 nor oc
                                  by           or reading                                vcry             peribnncrs, 
                                                          for meaning. We         cur in       ad!anccd 
                                                                             do                                        sin.e 
                           nor              pracricing                                                                       lhey witl
                                acquire by              spcakins. Speaking 
                                                                              is receive less input containing i  +  l.  having ac
                           low rhought 
                                          lo bc a iesult of 
                                                             acqujsnion, noL  quired 
                                                                              a           dos!                                 predic-
                                                    producrjon                                  of the tarset lansuase. This 
                           causc. Real langLrasc                                  tion is sati!ficd      (wo 
                                                                 happcns only                     in rhe     cas€s reporrcd 
                                                                                                                             eartier 
                           allcr lhc acquiref has                                                                                   as
                                                   buih up comperence via         well 
                                                                             in-       as in rhc followins 
                                                                                                             rcpofl. 
                                                                                                                     Trac! Terett, 
                           pur. (Spcaking                                         prolissor                                          a
                                            can hclp 
                                                      indirecrly in rhat ir cn                ot  Spanish 
                                                                                                            and LinsL,isrics 
                                     pcoplc                                                                                    ar  lhe
                           couraSes                     youl)
                                             ro Lalk Lo                           Univc6it) of Calilornia 
                                                                                                             ar lrvhe, is  vcrr 
                             I have                                                                                        a       ad-
                                     hypothcsized rhar                            lanced performcr 
                                                         lhe bcst inpur for 
                                                                            ac-                       in Spanish, 
                                                                                                                  bur repons 
                                                                                                                               rhat 
                           quisition                                              js                                                hc
                                     ne€d not bc and                     gram,
                                                         should nor be              only an intcrrnediaLe 
                                                                                                           in 
                                                                                                              Frcnch. Prctcssor 
                           marically sequcnccd.                                                                                   Tcr-
                                                    When                          rcll sas 
                                                           comnunicarion is                 in Toronro 
                                                                                                         lasl      and visjtcd 
                                       whcn                                                                   !ea.               some
                           succcstul,            inpur 
                                             thc       isundentoodand             Frcnch 
                                                                           sup            immeFion 
                                                                                                     clascs. Hc rcpofled 
                           plied  quantiry                              provid,                                            thar he sal
                                in               variely,                         rn 
                                             and          i + I will be             on about lhree 
                                                                                                     hours of 
                                                                                                              class onc mornjns 
                           ed aulomatically      recycled               quanri subsequcnrly                                       and
                                             and           in optimum                           expcrienccd 
                                                                                                             rhe Din. 
                                                                                                                      Hisho(s 
                           ly fo. language acquisilion,                          Onrario                                        lt rh.
                                                                                           InslituLe for Sludics in Educarion sere
                             Conrprehcnsible                                     qune 
                                               input is 
                                                        neccssary bur                   suryriscd 
                                                                       n01 s!f-                   ro hear 
                           ficicnr.                                                                        Prof.sor Tcrrclt cha(ins
                                   Ercn wirh comprehcnsible 
                                                               nrpur,            casily in 
                                                                      somc ac              Frcnch wirh 
                                                                                                        a dcpanmenl 
                                                                                                                      sccrerary 
                           quiref lail    rnakc progfurs.                                                                       upon
                                       to                  This is be.ause, sc   his rcluh fron rhe itnmersion 
                                                                                                                  school. 
                           have bypothcsizcd,                                                                             Tcrrcltsaid
                                               rh€ inpur docs 
                                                               nor rcach rho5c rhar aircr rhe 
                                                                                                 5c$ion, he was 
                                                                                                                  no lonscr 
                          portions                                                                                            Fr.nch-
                                    ol rh. brain 
                                                 rhar do language                shy, 
                                                                   acquisirion,       and I'ke me in 
                                                                                                     San Francisco, 
                                                                                                                     hedesired 
                                jf                                                                                              som€
                          cvcn  n is 
                                        undcrstood. This                         ln(cftrcrio! 
                                                            happcns *hen ac,                 in French. 
                                                                                                         Thc 
                                                                                                             casc contlrm! 
                          quirc6                                                                                            corollarv
                                    are                                          (2), 
                                         overanrious or unmo(ivarcd, 
                                                                           and        sjncc Te'rcll 
                                                                                                     crperienced 
                                                                                                                  rhe Din in 
                          rcsults         prcsencc                                                                             an in
                                  iD thc            oi an Aibcrnc Fi[e., a termediate languaget he reports 
                          mentalblockrhal                                                                           that he never ex
                                              keepsrhcnrpuloulotthcLAD.periences  Din in                         (any 
                                                                                            the        Spanish        more!). It also
                                                                                                                                                                         6\L 
                                                                                                                                                                    lt             :tl
                                                                                                                                                                                   ANNALS
                                                                                                                                                              T-ANCUACE 
                                                                                                                                             FOREIGN 
                                                                                                                                                                                            $as
                                                                                                                                                                            her sludv 
                                                                                                                                                     C',b app.arcd, 
                                                                                                                                          il  the 
                                                                                                   {as scl olfbv           Lanerus. 
                                                                           (l           rhc Dnr 
                                                             codlarl             sincc 
                                                                              ), 
                                                confirns                                                                                                                        audntinsual
                                                                                                                                                                    for lhe 
                                                                                                                                                       c!idcnc. 
                                                                                                                                       supporrins 
                                                                                                                                   as 
                                                         onry.                                                             cit.d                                         (apc                hcr
                                                                                                                                             patt$n drill.6wcir                 recorded 
                                                'npur                                                                                    ol 
                                                                                                             preorc_rechnique 
                                                                                                    o(De' 
                                                                                          scYcral 
                                                                                nak€s 
                                                                hyDolhcsis 
                                                   The Din                                                                                                                                  ano
                                                                                                                                                 son\ e\cninl monologues' 
                                                                                                             rcquir 28monrhold 
                                                                                                        bul 
                                                                                    cat hnlorics 
                                                                        silh thc 
                                                         consisLcnl 
                                                rrcns,                                                                                                                   in ibct' rcscnble
                                                                                                                                                                  did, 
                                                                                                                                                     of rhcm 
                                                                                                                                     rhar somc 
                                                                                                                arter found 
                                                                                          will         occur 
                                                                            Thc Din 
                                                                  cascs: 
                                                      lurtllur 
                                                rn!                                                                                                           (maDt did                   belns
                                                                                                'or                                       of  parleins 
                                                                                                sru aho lol oc- rehca.sal 
                                                                                             lL 
                                                                                   inpul. 
                                                                       Nilhoul 
                                                           pracLicc                                                                                                              'ol, 
                                                oDlpul                                                                                                        ol  discoursc)  This
                                                                                  o.                                       cohercnr strcLchcs 
                                                                         drilh 
                                                      afrcr  rern                     C
                                                cur           P                                                                                                             as              and
                                                                                                                                                            inL€rp.cted 
                                                                                                               a c'F       phcnom€non has b.cn                                  P/d'rre 
                                                                                                       lakcs 
                                                                                                 Din 
                                                                                           the 
                                                                              casc thal 
                                                                         lhc 
                                                                lo bc 
                                                    lL sccms                                                                                                                              a ce'_
                                                                                                                                                                 ptoductron' ano 
                                                                                                                                                      cc thal 
                                                                                                                                             cvide 
                                                                                                     case hsrorcs rh..efore as 
                                                                                              Thc 
                                                                                         up. 
                                                                              Lo s(arl 
                                                                   ol ridc 
                                                       amount 
                                                 lain                                                               ol     tain kind ol  prcduclion (latre'n  practlcc) 
                                                                                                     lNo hour! 
                                                                                                lo 
                                                                                   hast one                                                                                                     's
                                                                               al 
                                                                   il lakes 
                                                            rhal 
                                                 suggcsr                                                                                                                               acquisi'
                                                                                                                                                                   ior languaec 
                                                                                                                                                    neccssa.v 
                                                                                                                                       or evcn 
                                                                     Our u$lal procednrc !r  language hctFful 
                                                 good nrpul.                                                     ress'
                                                              js                                             or 
                                                                                                     hour 
                                                                     girc             la!ring an 
                                                 rcachine to                clsrses                                                                                               in lh'  Crib
                                                                                                                                                                   LansLrage 
                                                                                                                                                         of Lhc 
                                                                                   $ho               the 1$o_hout              1{! inlerprclarion 
                                                                       leachcf             lrcllt 
                                                              thosc 
                                                 Pcrhaps                                                                                                                                Din e\
                                                                                                                                                                                  lhe 
                                                                                                                                               is dilicrerr; il is simplv 
                                                                                                    v            d {        phenonenon 
                                                   l,\  -     J,      r'!            rr rJ|''r           l'^r"                                                                             rcacl
                                                                                                                                                                               likcl! Lo 
                                                                            -r'rJ                                                                                     morc 
                                                                                                                                                          it much 
                                                                                                                                            Thc child 
                                                                  g.L                no\ilrg.                               iernalizcd. 
                                                                             LAD 
                                                              lo       the 
                                                 ol inDUr                                                                                                                               sounds
                                                                                                                                                                                   thc 
                                                                                                                                                                       utrering 
                                                                                                                                                   Din, acLulll! 
                                                                                                                                         Lo rhe 
                                                                                                                                  wry 
                                                                                                           l'wdavs          rhis 
                                                                                           oll ah'ra 
                                                                                    wcar 
                                                                                lo 
                                                                 also se.ms 
                                                    Thc Djn                                                                                                                              rcporrs
                                                                                                                                                                         Cumnrns 
                                                                                                                                                               Jamcs 
                                                                                                                                                    inside 
                                                                                                                                           hcas 
                                                                                                                                 or \he 
                                                 \1.P.'..r.r.rJ\IoI                       ..\     '",,         '"  l"       he                                                      imnrefion
                                                                                                                                                                   in a t_r€nch 
                                                                                                                            (hat                      a sludcnl 
                                                                                                                                       daughler, 
                                                 \,rmmc' I lq'8 .urt^ r' |                         '  sFLl o' ll .                hi5                                                           Lo
                                                                                            'i\.                                                                                    appcars 
                                                                                                                                                                            whal 
                                                                                                                                                                   u(crs 
                                                                                                                                                           oticn 
                                                                                                                   Lwo prccram in Toronto. 
                                                                                                     mtL ror 
                                                                                      Our cla$ 
                                                               gcneralizdlnD. 
                                                 Dr$ious                                                                                                                                    atl€r
                                                                                                                                                                     pla!in8 alonc 
                                                                                                                                                           when 
                                                 x,!d d  ,al  \'r          jr\'.(-         n  r'                            be randon  Frcnch 
                                                                                                                                                                          rhin!?
                                                                                                                                                                  sane 
                                                                                                                                                        bc rh. 
                                                                                                                                                 rhn 
                                                                                                                                       Could 
                                                 dr.  o11 rr.)rrI'11                    l'h.ld          nr"JL(        J     rchool. 
                                                          Dr1 r.,  n j ano tr de                  r'  u      Fr.1rl'
                                                  -i.J,                                                   ' wcJn 
                                                  V  nd i  Lrr''                                'r  u  rl             '
                                                                                                       '                        't\,                 \a\.  Lal             ,c.       uf. Il .l'"
                                                               I L Jr''\  ro'         $ rdl'\d  \"          a        "r                D:r  d)                     nr. 
                                                  a-), Jr r                         -                            'd              .p  .pp,L,J :.  ,.        .  .o,  P      Ji d il sf  c.n
                                                                                   \r'\'rne . o  Dir  l' uc\'                ab 
                                                                         1  I n( 
                                                  iii  ,,toJ. L  nL                                       '                                                            '.    q\er                i'
                                                                                                                             '(lkbh                rrom  Locnr  rr                    le Din 
                                                  I  d       . dll         r'  Il'\Il       no       o'prFm)'                            .r.     '                      ' 
                                                          "r          "                                                                                                               (o        us
                                                                                                                                                    il is bff"  it mal hclp                Lcll 
                                                                                                                                           whcn 
                                                  t(,fl         L..p  ,  i' I            i.r     h  r(  llrJ         b       "on" and                                              Lu e Lc  n
                                                           '.                                  to Mondav'\ clas\                                            ' cllr.1ir(  \n\ 
                                                  rcading, and I e.nerallv camc                                                    ,ld b       l   r uf  rn-  r'(uue..-  sLJ  rr p''
                                                                              sh)                                                          , 
                                                           lirrle french 
                                                         a                                                                   'h 
                                                  iusr                                                                                      o,  L  d,...          1,, l^rr'r        mci I rL J
                                                      l,'i    Lr...I                 rl'que\'!             ruFr'''           Jr,Llo bc                                                          r_
                                                           nD, I rrf!.           t..    fr'Jr.r'        c1 nn                $l.n+cdr           I  u\'dt"       nr'):ari.i'Pcrd 
                                                  -|rl                                                                                                                         q- d'' 
                                                                                                                                              rrDur"r'J         l  r'  + rcrr                  'n
                                                  \.d.r.,  Jf."ct,:..tr           n.ib..br          I  J!('.,(3d.            f  .n  , ,ol(                                                 'u 
                                                                                                               shollld       r.al \eond  lanluagc acqu'rtlon
                                                                                            trirten inpLrr 
                                                                           shv, sinc. 
                                                                   as to 
                                                   h\Doth;sj\                   j''d        tr'l|
                                                   r'er l'r'Jdj.JcqJi                                         InJJ
                                                      ll"ib.r  no J           | 1 .J\'r'r|hc            Din 
                                                                    r,    'n               lr'r'u/\"(urld'l                                                 NOTES
                                                   J:rl..rl               l'nr.nle                                                                                                  and Applied
                                                                                                                                    E. lJarbcr,                    Acq!6nion 
                                                                     lhe  LAD  prclcrs  1o work  on  onc                         l.                 "Languag. 
                                                   be bccausc                                                                                                                     pp 26_31
                                                                                                                                                         lrrr..i,,   l2(1980), 
                                                                                                                       In     Linsuiiics," ,'lDFa 
                                                                                                          proorern 
                                                                                                     no 
                                                                                           nored 
                                                                     a rimc? Barbef 
                                                                 ar 
                                                   language                                                    and 
                                                                                                   Enelish. 
                                                                              firn lansuagc, 
                                                                        hc'                                                                                                   pornts  m) o*n
                                                                 inro                                                                                                                  or 
                                                   rwirchine                                                                                                   oftlremaln 
                                                                                                                                          habriclsketch 
                                                                                                                      'n         3 This 
                                                                                                            probLcm\
                                                                                          onlv having 
                                                                             Frcnch,                                                        .upoor'                    rn!  ore                 'S
                                                              advanccd                                                                                     o\'-
						
									
										
									
																
													
					
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