jagomart
digital resources
picture1_Theories Of Counseling Pdf 108497 | Psy460 Ch08 Handout Ppt


 166x       Filetype PDF       File size 0.25 MB       Source: www.csun.edu


File: Theories Of Counseling Pdf 108497 | Psy460 Ch08 Handout Ppt
quotation gestalt i am not in this world to live up to therapy other people s expectations nor do i feel that the world must live up to mine fritz ...

icon picture PDF Filetype PDF | Posted on 27 Sep 2022 | 3 years ago
Partial capture of text on file.
                                                                                                                                      Quotation
                                                   GESTALT                                                           • "I am not in this world to live up to
                                                   THERAPY                                                              other people's expectations, nor do I
                                                                                                                        feel that the world must live up to
                                                                                                                        mine."
                                                                                                                         --Fritz Perls
                                                           Psychology 460
                                                           Counseling and
                                                             Interviewing
                                                      Sheila K. Grant, Ph.D.
                                                                                                  1                                                                                 2
                                                 Theory of Personality                                                                Gestalt
                                • A person exists by differentiating self from                                       • A gestalt, or whole, both includes &
                                   other & by connecting self & other                                                   transcends the sum of its parts
                                • These are the two functions of a boundary                                          • It cannot be understood simply as a sum
                                • The boundary between self &                                                           of smaller, independent events
                                   environment must be permeable to allow                                            • It is chiefly that distinctive emphasis on
                                   for exchanges, yet firm enough to enable                                             looking to the whole for the meaning of
                                   autonomous action                                                                    the parts that unites a group of theorists
                                • When the boundary becomes unclear,                                                    into what is called the Gestalt school of
                                   lost, or impermeable, mental & emotional                                             psychology
                                   disturbance results
                                                                                                3                                                                                   4
                                                 Gestalt Therapy                                                                      Gestalt Therapy
                              • Fritz Perls (1893-1970) / wife Laura Perls (1905-1990)                               • Existential & Phenomenological – it is
                                 –Main originator & developer of Gestalt Therapy                                        grounded in the client’s “here and now”
                              • Gestalt therapy                                                                      • Initial goal is for clients to gain awareness
                                 –an existential/phenomenological approach                                              of what they are experiencing & doing
                              • Therapists try to increase clients’ awareness                                           now
                                                                                                                         –Promotes direct experiencing rather than the
                              • Clients are expected to do their own seeing,                                               abstractness of talking about situations
                                feeling, sensing, & interpreting                                                         –Rather than talk about a childhood trauma the
                                                                                                                           client is encouraged to become the hurt child
                                                                                                5                                                                                   6
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1
                                                Gestalt Therapy -                                                                   Gestalt Therapy -
                                                An Overview                                                                         An Overview
                                •    Gestalt Therapy is another type of
                                     counseling that is based upon the                                                   – 3.  Existential—The person is to take
                                     existential framework.  Key elements                                                    responsibility for their destiny and identity
                                     include:                                                                               •   The client is also encouraged to work in the
                                    – 1.  A Phenomenological Basis—You are                                                      “here and now,” not in the “there and then”
                                        seeking to focus on the client’s perception                                      – 4.  Awareness—A key element in this
                                        of reality                                                                           theory is helping the client come to an
                                                                                                                             awareness of what he or she is doing and
                                    – 2.  Experiential—The client is being asked                                             experiencing
                                        to come to understand about what and how                                            •   This involves dropping those behaviors and
                                        they are thinking, feeling, and doing as they                                           barriers that would stop someone from
                                        interact with the therapist and the other                                               experience one’s self
                                        people in the world
                                                                                                7                                                                                   8
                                                 Gestalt Therapy -                                                                    A Gestalt View of
                                                 An Overview                                                                          Human Nature
                                                            • Experiments—The                                       • Gestalt’s basic understanding of the human
                                                               therapist designs                                       being is that people can deal with their
                                                               experiments to                                          problems, especially if they become fully
                                                               increase the client’s                                   aware of what is happening within oneself
                                                               awareness of what he                                    and outside of oneself
                                                               or she is doing,
                                                               experiencing, and how                                • Change happens in a person’s life when
                                                               he or she is doing it.                                  he or she can reintegrate a disowned part
                                                                                                                       of the self back into the mix of identity
                                                                                                                        –A disowned part of the self is something that
                                                                                                9                         may conflict with how one perceives the self 10
                                                 A Gestalt View of                                                                    A Gestalt View of
                                                 Human Nature                                                                         Human Nature
                                • Problems begin when a person tries to be                                          • Gestalt is a process of “reowning” parts of the self
                                  who or what he or she isn’t                                                          that have been disowned
                                   –Living with “masks” and being inauthentic does                                      – This unification process leads to the goal of becoming
                                      not promote change                                                                  strong enough to proceed with one’s own personal
                                                                                                                          growth
                                   –In fact it promotes stagnation of the personality                               • Client needs to be in their current position and be
                                                                                                                       aware of what they are, as opposed to trying to
                                • According to Gestalt, the more a person                                              become what they are not
                                  tries to be who they are not, the more                                            • Change takes place when a person is more
                                  they stay the same                                                                   aware of who and what he or she is
                                                                                                                        – Once that is accepted, change towards a goal can take
                                                                                               11                         place                                                     12
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2
                                                 The Now                                                                              The Now
                              • Our “power is in the present”                                                     • Therapist will focus on the “what” & “how”
                              • The only moment that is significant is the                                           of a person without asking the “why”
                                 present                                                                             questions
                                  – Nothing exists except the “now”                                                   –This is to promote an awareness of the
                                  – The past is gone and the future has not yet arrived                                 moment
                              • To be fully aware is to live in the here & now                                        –Questions such as “What is happening now?” or
                                  – By reliving the past or worrying about the future, a person                         “What are you feeling in this moment?” are used
                                    cannot be authentic and cannot come to terms with who                               to intensify the experience of the present &
                                    one is                                                                              create awareness
                              • For many people the power of the present is lost                                  • “Why” questions lead only toward
                                  – They may focus on their past mistakes or engage in                               rationalizations and “self-deceptions” away
                                    endless resolutions and plans for the future               13                    from the immediacy of the moment                               14
                                                 The Now                                                                              The Now
                                • Therapist encourages the present time by                                           • Therapist is
                                   asking the client to:                                                                seeking to help a
                                    –Bring the past into the present by re-                                             person live their
                                      enacting it in the present                                                        feelings rather
                                    –e.g., imagine your father across from you in                                       than talk about
                                      chair and tell him how you feel when he                                           them
                                      ignores you?                                                                   • To live the
                                                                                                                        moment rather
                                                                                                                        than describe it in
                                                                                                                        a detached way
                                                                                               15                                                                                   16
                                                 The Now                                                                              Unfinished Business
                                • The past is recognized as having an                                                • Feelings about the past are unexpressed
                                   important influence on a person’s present                                             – e.g., resentment, rage, hatred, pain, anxiety, grief,
                                   attitudes and behavior                                                                  guilt, abandonment
                                                                                                                         – These feelings are associated with distinct memories &
                                    –But what is in the past is either brought                                             fantasies
                                      into the here and now (“As you talk about                                          – Feelings not fully experienced linger in the
                                      this issue, what are your feeling now?”) so                                          background & interfere with effective contact
                                      that a client can experience the feelings…..                                   • Result:
                                    –OR                                                                                  – Preoccupation, compulsive behavior, wariness
                                                                                                                           oppressive energy & self-defeating behavior
                                                                                                                         – Unexpressed feelings can result in physical symptoms
                                                                                               17                        – So Gestalt therapists emphasize paying attention to 18
                                                                                                                           the bodily experience
                                                                                                                                                                                                    3
                                                           Process of                                                                                         Contact and
                                                           Psychotherapy                                                                                      Resistances to Contact
                                                                                                                                       •  CONTACT – interacting with nature and with other people
                                    • Goal of Gestalt psychotherapy is awareness                                                          without losing one’s individuality
                                    • Gestalt therapists do whatever is                                                                •  RESISTANCE TO CONTACT – the defenses we develop to
                                                                                                                                          prevent us from experiencing the present fully
                                       necessary to jolt the person into a higher                                                      •  Five major channels of resistance (i.e., styles of resisting
                                       level of awareness of self, environment, &                                                         contact):
                                                                                                                                           – Introjection (we passively incorporate what the environment provides
                                       relationship with others                                                                               & do not know what we want or need)
                                                                                                                                           – Projection (we disown certain aspects of ourselves by assigning them
                                    • Contact Cycle involves increasing awareness                                                             to the environment; so we put them on others; e.g., see quality in
                                       which leads to excitement which leads to                                                               others, we avoid responsibility for who we are)
                                                                                                                                           – Confluence (a blurring of the differentiation between the self and the
                                       contact & action                                                                                       environment; e.g., high need to be accepted & liked)
                                                                                                                                           – Retroflection (is turning back to ourselves what we would like
                                        – Increase awareness-->excitement-->contact-->action                                                  someone else do to us; e.g., lash out & injure self because fearful of
                                                                                                                                              directing toward others)
                                                                                                                  19                       – Deflection (distracting so that it is difficult to maintain a sustained 20
                                                                                                                                              sense of contact
                                                                                                                                                              Energy &
                                                           Layers of Neurosis                                                                                 Blocks to Energy
                                      • The phony:                                                                                         • Special attention is given to
                                           – reacting to others in stereotypical and inauthentic ways                                           –where energy is located,
                                      • Phobic layer:
                                           – avoid the emotional pain that we would prefer to deny                                              –how it is used,
                                      • The impasse:                                                                                            –how it can be blocked
                                           – the point where we are stuck in our own maturation; w                                         • Clients & therapist want to be aware of
                                           – we think we will not be able to survive                                                           the resistance which is being expressed in
                                      • The implosive level:                                                                                   their body
                                           – fully experience our deadness instead of denying it.
                                      • The explosive layer:
                                           – letting go of our phony roles & pretenses which release
                                              much energy that we have been holding in                            21                                                                                                  22
                                                         Therapeutic Process                                                                                  Therapeutic Process
                                      • Therapeutic Goals                                                                                • Therapist's Function and Role
                                           – Move towards increased awareness of themselves                                                   – Therapists notice what is in the foreground and the
                                                                                                                                                background.
                                           – Gradually assume ownership of their experience                                                   – Pay attention to the client's body language.
                                           – Develop skills and acquire values that will allow them                                           – Focus on the language
                                              to satisfy their needs without violating the rights of
                                              others                                                                                              • "it" talk - client says it instead of I
                                           – Become more aware of all of their senses                                                             • "you" talk - client is asked to use I to make it more specific
                                                                                                                                                    to the client
                                           – Learn to accept responsibility for what they do,                                                     • questions - this can hide the client
                                              including accepting the consequences of their actions                                               • language that denies power - by adding qualifiers or
                                           – Move from outside support toward increasing internal                                                   disclaimers (i.e. "but", "I guess")
                                              support                                                                                             • listening to a client's metaphors - can clue into the client's
                                           – Be able to ask for and get help from others and to                                                     internal struggle
                                              give to others                                                                                      • listening for language that uncovers a story - because you
                                                                                                                  23                                can get an idea of their struggles                                24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4
The words contained in this file might help you see if this file matches what you are looking for:

...Quotation gestalt i am not in this world to live up therapy other people s expectations nor do feel that the must mine fritz perls psychology counseling and interviewing sheila k grant ph d theory of personality a person exists by differentiating self from or whole both includes connecting transcends sum its parts these are two functions boundary it cannot be understood simply as between smaller independent events environment permeable allow is chiefly distinctive emphasis on for exchanges yet firm enough enable looking meaning autonomous action unites group theorists when becomes unclear into what called school lost impermeable mental emotional disturbance results wife laura existential phenomenological main originator developer grounded client here now initial goal clients gain awareness an approach they experiencing doing therapists try increase promotes direct rather than expected their own seeing abstractness talking about situations feeling sensing interpreting talk childhood tra...

no reviews yet
Please Login to review.