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File: Existential Theory Pdf 109794 | Psy460 Ch06 Handout Ppt
quotations we who lived in concentration camps can remember the men who walked through the existential therapy huts comforting others giving away their last piece of bread they may have ...

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                                                                                                                                          Quotations
                                                                                                                        "We who lived in concentration camps can
                                                                                                                        remember the men who walked through the
                                       EXISTENTIAL THERAPY                                                              huts comforting others, giving away their
                                                                                                                        last piece of bread. They may have been few
                                                    Psychology 460                                                      in number, but they offer sufficient proof
                                                                                                                        that everything can be taken from a man but
                                         Counseling and Interviewing                                                    one thing: the last of human freedoms - to
                                               Sheila K. Grant, Ph.D.                                                   choose one's attitude in any given set of
                                                                                                                        circumstances - to choose one's own way.”
                                                                                                                         – Victor Frankl
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                                                      Quotations                                                                          Quotations
                                   "Man's Search for meaning is the primary                                             “The deeper sorrow carves into your
                                   motivation in his life and not a 'secondary                                          being the more joy you can contain.”
                                   rationalization' of instinctual drives. This                                          –Kahlil Gibran, The Prophet
                                   meaning is unique and specific in that it
                                   must and can be fulfilled by him alone; only
                                   then does it achieve a significance which will
                                   satisfy his own will to meaning... Man,
                                   however, is able to live and even to die for
                                   the sake of his ideals and values!"
                                    – Victor Frankl
                                                                                                3                                                                                    4
                                          Existential Approach                                                                         Key Concepts
                                   Developed as a reaction against                                                      Human is a constant state of
                                    –Psychoanalysis                                                                     transition:
                                    –Behaviorism                                                                         –Emerging, evolving and “becoming”
                                   Goes against use of “techniques”;                                                    We pose questions:
                                                                                                                         –“Who Am I”
                                   Instead focus is on                                                                   –“What can I know”
                                    –“understanding what it means to be                                                  –“Where Am I Going”
                                      human”                                                                             –“What ought I do”
                                                                                                                         –“What can I hope for”
                                                                                                5                                                                                    6
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1
                                               Existential Therapy                                                                  Existential Therapy
                                 A Philosophical/Intellectual Approach to Therapy                                     A Philosophical/Intellectual Approach to Therapy
                                  Definition:                                                                        Existential therapy reacts against
                                                                                                                     tendency to view therapy as a system of
                                   –a philosophical approach that emphasizes                                         well-defined techniques
                                     our freedom to choose what to make of                                           It affirms looking at those unique
                                     our circumstances                                                               characteristics that make us human &
                                   –So we are free & therefore responsible for                                       building therapy on them
                                     our choices & actions                                                           Emphasizes choice, freedom,
                                  APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING                                                          responsibility & self-determination
                                  HUMANS                                                                             In essence, we are the author of our life
                                                                                                                     Awareness of our eventual nonbeing
                                                                                                                     acts as a catalyst for finding meaning
                                                                                                7                                                                                    8
                                               Existential Therapy                                                                  Existential Therapy
                                 A Philosophical/Intellectual Approach to Therapy                                     A Philosophical/Intellectual Approach to Therapy
                                  Existential movement stands for                                                     BASIC DIMENSIONS – OF THE HUMAN
                                  respect for the person, exploring                                                   CONDITION (6 Propositions)
                                  new aspects of human behavior,                                                       –Capacity for self-awareness
                                  & divergent methods of                                                               –Tension between freedom &
                                  understanding people                                                                    responsibility
                                                                                                                       –Creating one’s identity & establishing
                                                                                                                          meaningful relationships
                                                                                                                       –Search for meaning, purpose, values, &
                                                                                                                          goals
                                                                                                                       –Accepting anxiety as a condition of
                                                                                                                          living
                                                                                                9                      –Awareness of death and nonbeing                             10
                                                  APPROACH TO                                                        Capacity for Self-Awareness
                                     UNDERSTANDING HUMANS
                                                                                                                      Prop. 1: WE HAVE THE CAPACITY FOR
                                   Philosophical assumptions underlying                                               SELF-AWARENESS - Corey
                                   the existential approach include the                                               To expand our awareness is to increase our
                                   notions that:                                                                      capacity to live fully
                                                                                                                      The greater our awareness, the greater our
                                    –We are ‘thrust’ into a meaningless &                                             possibilities for freedom
                                      absurd world & that we are basically                                            Awareness is realizing that:
                                      alone                                                                            – We are finite - time is limited
                                    –We must create our own meanings                                                   – We have the potential, the choice, to act or not
                                      through choices                                                                     to act
                                                                                                                       – Meaning is not automatic - we must seek it
                                                                                                                       – We are subject to loneliness, meaninglessness,
                                                                                                11                        emptiness, guilt, and isolation                           12
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2
                                   Freedom and Responsibility                                                          Freedom and Responsibility
                                 Prop. 2: BECAUSE WE ARE BASICALLY
                                 FREE BEINGS, WE MUST ACCEPT                                                            We are free to choose among alternatives…we
                                                                                                                        have a role in shaping our destinies
                                 RESPONSIBILITY THAT ACCOMPANIES OUR                                                    “Bad Faith” (Jean-Paul Sartre, 1971)
                                 FREEDOM - Corey                                                                         – The inauthenticity of not accepting personal
                                 This central issue in therapy leads to                                                    responsibility
                                                                                                                         – “Naturally I grew up this way b/c I’m from an
                                  – (1) Commitment to Choose and                                                           alcoholic family” (playing the victim role; blaming
                                                                                                                           external forces)
                                  – (2) Being Authentic                                                                 The guilt we experience when we don’t live
                                 This existential idea involves the notion that                                         authentically
                                                                                                                        Inauthenticity is assuming external forces
                                  – Our freedom requires us to accept responsibility                                    control our lives
                                     for directing our own life                                                         Assuming responsibility is a basic condition for
                                  – We are free to choose who we will be                                                change (e.g., AA)
                                  – They go hand in hand                                                                Clients who refuse to accept responsibility by
                                                                                                                        persistently Blaming others for their problems
                                 Rollo May                                                                              will not benefit from therapy
                                  – Contends F & R are two sides of same coin                   13                                                                                  14
                                   Freedom and Responsibility
                                                                                                                                   Note: Authorship
                                   People come into counseling
                                   feeling they’ve lost control of                                                      Notion of authorship states that
                                   their lives                                                                          we are authors of our life in the
                                   They want advice & magical                                                           sense that we create our
                                   cures                                                                                 –Destiny
                                   Job of existential therapists is to                                                   –Life situation
                                    –recognize how client has given                                                      –Problems
                                      away power &
                                    –help client work toward autonomy
                                                                                                15                                                                                  16
                                      Identity and Relationship                                                           Identity and Relationship
                                  Prop. 3:  WE HAVE A CONCERN TO                                                       Experience of aloneness:
                                  PRESERVE OUR UNIQUENESS & IDENTITY;                                                   –Part of human condition
                                  WE COME TO KNOW OURSELVES IN                                                          –We must learn to enjoy being alone
                                  RELATION TO KNOWING & INTERACTING                                                       before we can enjoy being with
                                  WITH OTHERS - Corey                                                                     others
                                  Striving for Identity & Responsibility                                                –We are ultimately alone, yet related
                                  to others:
                                   – Helps us find & create our personal identity                                       –We alone must give a sense of
                                   – Courage to be takes a lot of guts b/c we                                             meaning to our life
                                      may not like what we see                                                          –The experience of relatedness will
                                   – People fear they’ll discover they have no                                            improve once you’re comfortable
                                      core; no self                                                                       with yourself
                                                                                                17                                                                                  18
                                                                                                                                                                                                    3
                                      Identity and Relationship                                                           Identity and Relationship
                                 Identity is “the courage to be”                                                       “DON’T GET SO BUSY
                                  –We must trust ourselves to                                                         MAKING A LIVING THAT
                                    search within and find our own
                                    answers                                                                           YOU FORGET TO MAKE A
                                 Struggling with our identity                                                         LIFE”
                                  –“some become trapped in a
                                    “doing” mode to avoid the
                                    experience of “being”
                                                                                                19                                                                                  20
                                      Identity and Relationship                                                                 Search for Meaning
                                 Relatedness                                                                          Prop. 4:  THE SIGNIFICANCE OF OUR
                                                                                                                      EXISTENCE & THE MEANING OF OUR LIFE ARE
                                  –At their best our relationships are                                                NEVER FIXED ONCE & FOR ALL; INSTEAD, WE
                                     based on our desire for fulfillment,                                             RE-CREATE OURSELVES THROUGH OUR
                                     not our deprivation                                                              PROJECTS - Corey
                                                                                                                      Meaning – like pleasure, meaning must be
                                  –Relationships that spring from our                                                 pursued obliquely
                                     sense of deprivation are clinging,                                                – Finding meaning in life is a by-product of a
                                     parasitic, and symbiotic                                                            commitment to creating, loving, and
                                  –When we can stand alone, then                                                         working
                                     relationships are based on our                                                   “The will to meaning” is our primary striving
                                     “fulfillment” and not on our                                                      – Life is not meaningful in itself; WE must
                                                                                                                         create and discover meaning
                                     “deprivation”                                                                    Problem of discarding old values and not
                                                                                                21                    replacing them with suitable new ones                         22
                                            Search for Meaning                                                                  Search for Meaning
                                   Meaningless in life leads to emptiness &                                             WHAT DO YOU ‘CREATE’ EVERYDAY?
                                   hollowness
                                   Existential vacuum:                                                                  WHAT DO YOU ‘BUILD’ EVERYDAY?
                                    – emptiness and hollowness                                                          WHAT DO YOU ‘LOVE’ EVERYDAY?
                                   Existential guilt:
                                    – Being aware of
                                         having evaded a commitment, or
                                         having chosen NOT to choose
                                         Realization we’re not what we might have become
                                   Creating new meaning in our lives
                                    – c/n directly look for meaning:
                                         Finding meaning is a by-product of
                                         “engagement”:
                                           – A commitment to creating, loving, working, &
                                             building
                                                                                                23                                                                                  24
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...Quotations we who lived in concentration camps can remember the men walked through existential therapy huts comforting others giving away their last piece of bread they may have been few psychology number but oer sucient proof that everything be taken from a man counseling and interviewing one thing human freedoms to sheila k grant ph d choose s attitude any given set circumstances own way victor frankl search for meaning is primary deeper sorrow carves into your motivation his life not secondary being more joy you contain rationalization instinctual drives this kahlil gibran prophet unique specic it must fullled by him alone only then does achieve signicance which will satisfy however able live even die sake ideals values approach key concepts developed as reaction against constant state psychoanalysis transition behaviorism emerging evolving becoming goes use techniques pose questions am i instead focus on what know understanding means where going ought do hope philosophical intellec...

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