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Caribbean Regional Integration A Report by the UWI Institute of International Relations (IIR) April 2011 http://sta.uwi.edu/iir/ Matthew Louis Bishop Norman Girvan Timothy M. Shaw Solange Mike Raymond Mark Kirton Michelle Scobie Debbie Mohammed Marlon Anatol With research assistance provided by Zahra Alleyne and Quinnelle-Marie Kangalee This material has been funded by UKaid from the Department for International Development, however the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the department’s official policies. ACRONYMS ACCP Assembly of Caribbean Community Parliamentarians ACS Association of Caribbean States ALBA Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas BLP Barbados Labour Party BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa CAPE Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examinations CARDI Caribbean Agriculture Research and Development Institute CARICAD Caribbean Centre for Development Administration CARICOM The Caribbean Community CARIFORUM Caribbean Forum of African. Caribbean and Pacific States CARIFTA Caribbean Free Trade Association CARIPASS CARICOM Travel Pass CASSOS Caribbean Aviation Safety and Security Oversight System CBSI Caribbean Basin Security Initiative CCCC Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre CCJ Caribbean Court of Justice CDB Caribbean Development Bank CDEMA Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency CEDA Caribbean Export Development Agency CEHI Caribbean Environment Health Institute CET Common External Tariff CFC Caribbean Food Corporation CFNI Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CLDF CARICOM Legislative Drafting Facility CLE Council of Legal Education CMI Caribbean Meteorological Institute CMO Caribbean Meteorological Organisation COFAP Council for Finance and Planning COFCOR Council for Foreign and Community Relations COHSOD Council for Human and Social Development COTA Caribbean Organisation of Tax Administrators CREDP Renewable Energy Development Programme CRFM Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism CRITI Caribbean Regional Information and Translation Institute CRNM CARICOM Regional Negotiating Machinery (now OTN) CROSQ Caribbean Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality CSME Caribbean Single Market and Economy CSO Civil Society Organisation CTO Caribbean Tourism Organisation CTU Caribbean Telecommunications Union CXC Caribbean Examinations Council DFID (UK) Department for International Development 1 DOC DFID Drivers of Change DR Dominican Republic EC Eastern Caribbean ECCB Eastern Caribbean Central Bank EDF European Development Fund EPA Economic Partnership Agreement EU European Union FTA Free Trade Agreement HoG Heads of Government ICT4D Information and Communication Technology for Development ICTs Information and Communication Technology IDB Inter-American Development Bank IIR The (UWI) Institute of International Relations IMF International Monetary Fund IMPACS Implementation Agency for Crime and Security (CARICOM) JLP Jamaica Labour Party LDC Less-Developed Country MACC Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NGO Non-Governmental Organisation OAS Organisation of American States OECS Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States OTN Office of Trade Negotiations of CARICOM PANCAP Pan- Caribbean Partnership against HIV/AIDS RSS Regional Security System SALISES Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies SIDS Small Island Developing States TASU Technical Action Services Unit TEI Trade and Economic Integration UK United Kingdom UNASUR Unión de Naciones Suramericanas/ Union of South American Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USA United States of America USAID United States Agency for International Development UWI University of the West Indies WI West Indies WTO World Trade Organisation 2 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 METHODOLOGY 9 1. CONTEXT 11 a. Overview of Regional Integration Processes 11 b. Current Trends – Challenges, Issues and Opportunities 13 c. Institutional Mapping: CARICOM Regional Integration Agenda 15 d. CARICOM Institutional Mapping Under the Four Pillars 16 e. Participation of Non-State Actors 18 f. Assessment of Institutions and Organisations in Regional Integration 19 g. Other Regional Initiatives: Comparative Analysis of the European Union 24 2. OPTIONS FOR CHANGE 26 a. Stakeholder Analysis of Regional Integration 26 b. National-Regional Dynamics in the Integration Process 29 c. Key Issues and Actors 30 3. THE ROLE OF DONORS IN CARIBBEAN REGIONAL INTEGRATION 36 a. Review of Existing Donor Support 36 b. Aligning Donor and Stakeholder Interests 38 4. RECOMMENDATIONS 39 a. Overview of Main Recommendations 39 b. Recommendations for the Political Leadership 40 c. Recommendations for Regional Institutions 42 d. Recommendations for Civil Society 44 e. Recommendations for the Private Sector 45 f. Recommendations for Development Partners 46 5. CONCLUSION 48 3
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