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Page : 1 of 650 KLM Technology Rev: 01 Group SOLUTIONS, STANDARDS AND SOFTWARE Practical Engineering Rev 1 September 2017 Guidelines for Processing Plant Solutions www.klmtechgroup.com KLM Technology Group Petrochemcial Manufacturing Reports #03-12 Block Aronia, Jalan Sri Perkasa 2 Editor / Author Taman Tampoi Utama Natural Gas Processing 502 81200 Johor Bahru Karl Kolmetz KLM Technology Group has developed; 1) Process Engineering Equipment Design Guidelines, 2) Equipment Design Software, 3) Project Engineering Standards and Specifications, 4) Petrochemical Manufacturing Reports and 5) Unit Operations Manuals. Each has many hours of engineering development. KLM is providing the introduction to this guideline for free on the internet. Please go to our website to order the complete document. www.klmtechgroup.com KLM Technology Page 2 of 650 Group Petrochemcial Manufacturing Reports Rev: 01 Practical Engineering Guidelines for Processing Plant Natural Gas Processing 502 Solutions September 2017 TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTIONS 22 DEFINITIONS 51 CHAPTER 2: REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS 70 Types of Refrigeration 74 Refrigeration Stages 80 Carnot Refrigeration Cycle 84 Refrigerant Nomenclature 87 Selecting Refrigerant 92 Mechanical Refrigeration 93 Equipments for Mechanical Refrigeration 109 Absorption Refrigeration 133 Application 140 Application1:Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System(Single Stage) 140 Application2:Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System(Multi Stage) 143 Application 3: Cascade System 146 Interpolation 149 CHAPTER 3: CRYOGENIC HEAT EXCHANGER 152 These design guideline are believed to be as accurate as possible, but are very general and not for specific design cases. They were designed for engineers to do preliminary designs and process specification sheets. The final design must always be guaranteed for the service selected by the manufacturing vendor, but these guidelines will greatly reduce the amount of up front engineering hours that are required to develop the final design. The guidelines are a training tool for young engineers or a resource for engineers with experience. This document is entrusted to the recipient personally, but the copyright remains with us. It must not be copied, reproduced or in any way communicated or made accessible to third parties without our written consent. KLM Technology Page 3 of 650 Group Petrochemcial Manufacturing Reports Rev: 01 Practical Engineering Guidelines for Processing Plant Natural Gas Processing 502 Solutions September 2017 Low temperature In Science and Technology 152 Cryogenic Fluid 157 Properties of Cryogenic Fluids 163 Cryogenic Usage for Equipment Cooldown 166 Phase Domains 167 Heat Transfer and Thermal Design 168 Properties of Solids 169 Refrigeration and Liquifaction 173 Expansion Types of Refrigerators 174 Liquefaction 181 Application: Cryogenic Heat Exchangers 184 Challenges in the Modeling of CHE 185 Present Models for Heat Exchanger Design 190 Lumped Parameters Models (LPM) 191 Distributed Parameters Models (DPM) 194 Stream Evolution Models (SEM) 195 Scope of The Work 196 Heat Exchanger in Cryogenic Processes 197 High Effectiveness HE are Required 198 Application 200 These design guideline are believed to be as accurate as possible, but are very general and not for specific design cases. They were designed for engineers to do preliminary designs and process specification sheets. The final design must always be guaranteed for the service selected by the manufacturing vendor, but these guidelines will greatly reduce the amount of up front engineering hours that are required to develop the final design. The guidelines are a training tool for young engineers or a resource for engineers with experience. This document is entrusted to the recipient personally, but the copyright remains with us. It must not be copied, reproduced or in any way communicated or made accessible to third parties without our written consent. KLM Technology Page 4 of 650 Group Petrochemcial Manufacturing Reports Rev: 01 Practical Engineering Guidelines for Processing Plant Natural Gas Processing 502 Solutions September 2017 CHAPTER 4: GAS SWEETENING SYSTEMS 204 Process Flow Scheme 208 Absorber Design 211 Regenerator Design 217 Rich Solution Hydrocarbon Flash/Skimming Drum Design 223 Rich/Lean Exchanger Design 224 Surge Tank Design 227 Reclaimer Design 228 Filter Design 231 Carbon Treater (Charcoal Filter) 232 Anti-foam Agent Injection Facilities Design 234 Corrosion Control 235 Application: Application 1: Calculated Heat Duty, Area, and Power Requirements for MEA 243 Application 2: Calculated Heat Duty, Area, and Power Requirements for DEA 245 Application 3: Calculated Acid Gas Absorbed, Rich/Lean Load, and Bulge Temperature 247 CHAPTER 5: GAS DEHYDRATION 253 These design guideline are believed to be as accurate as possible, but are very general and not for specific design cases. They were designed for engineers to do preliminary designs and process specification sheets. The final design must always be guaranteed for the service selected by the manufacturing vendor, but these guidelines will greatly reduce the amount of up front engineering hours that are required to develop the final design. The guidelines are a training tool for young engineers or a resource for engineers with experience. This document is entrusted to the recipient personally, but the copyright remains with us. It must not be copied, reproduced or in any way communicated or made accessible to third parties without our written consent.
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