C
  06,	202347.0647.6946.6147.3147.3116,734,300Jan	05,	20,	20,	20	202245.6545.8944.2044.9844.9822,160,800Dec	05,Time	Period:DateOpenHighLowClose*Adj	Close**VolumeFeb	03,	202351.0251.5450.5450.9550.9520,027,594Feb	02,	202352.5853.2351.7352.2252.2222,331,700Feb	01,	202351.5452.7451.4152.1552.1522,111,900Jan	31,
  202351.8652.2251.6352.2252.2234,823,400Jan	30,	202351.4452.0451.3451.7551.7511,126,200Jan	27,	202351.9652.1951.6651.8651.8618,292,000Jan	26,	202352.0852.2651.5152.1952.1922,393,300Jan	25,	202350.8551.9450.8551.9051.9020,719,000Jan	24,	202351.4251.9550.4251.4251.4213,303,200Jan	23,
  202351.0552.2950.8851.9851.9818,531,200Jan	20,	202349.6851.1149.2651.0951.0919,951,300Jan	19,	202348.6549.6048.4749.3749.3714,869,100Jan	18,	202350.2450.4849.2449.4349.4318,952,000Jan	17,	202349.8650.7449.7450.3150.3128,193,500Jan	13,	202348.5150.2347.7449.9249.9228,028,500Jan	12,
  202349.0649.4848.5549.0949.0916,287,800Jan	11,	202348.2148.7447.8648.7148.7117,143,700Jan	10,	202347.5648.2147.2048.1948.1912,429,900Jan	09,	202347.8948.3247.4747.5447.5416,745,500Jan	06,	202347.0647.6946.6147.3147.3116.734.30005.01.20	2	346.7046.9645.9746.7546.7512,314,900Jan	04,
  202346.5447.5446.3446.9646.9621,507,200Jan	03,	202345.7546.7545.5445.7845.7819,564,000Dec	30,	202244.9345.2844.7645.2345.2311,778,600Dec	29,	202244.8445.2444.6545.1645.1614,124,100Dec	28,	202244.4344.8744.1944.6244.6212,882,200Dec	27,	202244.2844.5443.9744.3944.3914,777,800Dec	23,
  202244.0044.3643.8844.2644.2615,143,800Dec	22,	202244.4444.4442.9143.9943.9924,476,100Dec	21,	202244.2144.8944.1744.8144.8122,492,300Dec	20,	202244.1544.5543.8043.8143.8114,412,700Dec	19,	202244.3644.4843.4843.9343.9318,019,100Dec	16,	202244.2044.6643.8144.3544.3526,955,400Dec	15,
  202245.0945.2644.1344.6244.6220,201,900Dec	14,	202246.5147.0445.7245.9845.9816,587,500Dec	13,	202246.8447.8546.2446.5946.5925,655,400Dec	12,	202244.6545.8044.3645.7745.7719,045,100Dec	09,	202244.6045.1944.5544.8644.8614,030,600Dec	08,	202244.8545.3744.2644.6944.6915,622,200Dec	07,
  202244.6445.4544.3144.6744.6720,233,400Dec	06,	202245.6545.8944.2044.9844.9822,160,800	Dec	05,02,	202247.2847.4546.8147.2447.2412,745,400Dec	01,	202248.2848.6747.3547.7847.7819,797,600Nov	30,	202247.0848.4346.1948.4148.4123,993,100Nov	29,	202247.2347.9047.2147.5747.5712,224,700Nov	28,
  202247.9148.1946.8347.2347.2318,987,100Nov	25,	202248.2048.5348.1348.2948.296,823,600Nov	23,	202249.3449.4747.8548.2448.2422,863,300Nov	22,	202249.1449.6849.1349.3349.3313,132,000Nov	21,	202248.6649.0448.2848.8848.889,884,100Nov	18,	202248.7349.0748.1648.6648.6612,884,300Nov	17,
  202247.6848.2647.4048.2548.2511,962,700Nov	16,	202248.8848.9648.1448.3748.3718,052,100Nov	15,	202249.8350.4248.4949.0349.0319,839,400Nov	14,	202249.9449.9849.0249.0249.0219,631,600Nov	11,	202248.5050.5748.4450.1950.1926,009,200Nov	10,	202246.7148.7646.5648.4248.4227,915,500Nov	09,
  202245.7345.8645.1545.3645.3613,299,000Nov	08,	202245.8046.5345.6346.1246.1216,737,100Nov	07,	202245.4845.8645.2145.7345.7311,792,300Nov	04,	202244.6145.4544.2745.1345.1315,204,100Nov	04,	20220.51	Dividend	03	Nov	202245,1645,4144,5144,584	4.0716,0	25,800Nov	02,	202246.1347.0145.5445.5545.0320,306,800Nov	01,
  202246.3046.4846.0046.2245.6915,505,200Oct	31,	202245.7146.2245.5745.8645.3415,600,400Oct	28,	202245.5646.2845.0346.1345.6013,457,900Oct	27,	202245.8746.1445.3545	.4444.9215,	687,900Oct	26,	202245.5045.9845.2245.4144.8916,516,200Oct	25,	202244.0545.5943.9145.3244.8020,085,700Oct	24,
  202244.3244.6743.9744.4143.9014,392,300Oct	21,	202242.9444.3242.6844.2643.7518,783,600Oct	20,	202243.3943.9442.7242	.9242.4315,	421,600Oct	19,	202243.8344.1042.8943.3442.8415,142,800Oct	18,	202244.6644.9543.6544.1543.6421,302,100Oct	17,	202244.3144.4343.1943.5943.0920,835,400Oct	14,
  202243.0944.4242.8043.2342.7428,885,100Oct	13,	202240.2043.1840.0142	.9542.4627,	964,900Oct	12,	202240.3941.3640.0540.8440.3720,862,200Oct	11,	202241.2741.5640.4240.4539.9920,176,100Oct	10,	202242.4942.6141.5341.6041.1213,768,800Oct	07,	202242.7042.7941.9442.1941.7118,101,300Oct	06,	202243.4243.8042.7943	.0642.5717,
  738.40005.	Oct,	202243.7644.0043.1143.8443.3415.4	58,500	Oct202243.5744.7543.4744.4143.9020,660,000Oct	03,	202241.5542.9241.0642.5642.0722,001,000Sep	30,	202242.3942.9741.6141.6741.1922,266,400Sep	29,	202242.9043.0842.0142.3941.9120,982,200Sep	28,	202242.5943.6242.4543.4042.9019,818,100Sep	27,
  202243.2343.3942.0842.5942.1021,255,500Sep	26,	202243.6944.1842.5842.9942.5023,684,400Sep	23,	202244.9845.1143.3044.2643.7530,918,000Sep	22,	202246.6146.8745.4945.5845.0618,443,100Sep	21,	202247.2547.7346.3146.3345.8018,641,800Sep	20,	202247.8247.9746.8647.2546.7116,650,200Sep	19,
  202247.4948.4847.4448.2447.6914,716,100Sep	16,	202247.9948.2447.4748.1147.5619,995,600Sep	15,	202248.3649.2548.2848.4447.8916,556,900Sep	14,	202249.1349.5147.7048.4347.8825,701,700*Close	price	adjusted	for	split.**	Adjusted	closing	price	adjusted	for	split	and	payment	of	dividends	and/or	capital	gains.	Object	Oriented	Programming
  Language	This	article	is	about	the	programming	language.	For	DBMS	see	Apache	Cassandra.	For	algebra,	see	C*	algebra.	For	the	symbols	used	on	flags	and	emblems,	see	star	and	crescent.	For	the	term	rocket	engine,	see	characteristic	speed.	For	the	type	of	astronomical	object,	see	star	clusters.	For	the	Gothic	festival,	see	Convergence	(Gothic
  festival).	This	article	provides	a	list	of	references,	related	reading,	or	external	links,	but	its	sources	remain	obscure	due	to	the	lack	of	embedded	citations.	Please	help	improve	this	article	by	adding	more	accurate	citations.	(December	2017)	(Learn	how	and	when	to	remove	this	boilerplate	post)	C*Paradigmmulti-paradigm:	Object-Oriented,	Imperative,
  Parallel	Developed	by	Thinking	MachinesDeveloperThinking	MachinesFirst	Appearance	1987	6.x	Stable	Release	(27	Aug	1993	(	1993-08-27))	/	27	August	1993	(1993-08-27)	Discipline	Typingstatic	weak	manifestOSConnection	MachineFilename	extensions.csInfluenced	by	ANSI	C,	*LispInfluencedDataparallel-C	C*	(or	C-Star)	is	an	object-oriented
  parallel	set	ANSI	C	data	with	synchronous	semantics.	History	It	was	developed	in	1987	as	an	alternative	languageand	CM-fortran	for	cultivation	device	CM-2	and	higher.	The	C*language	adds	a	"domain"	date	type	and	a	selection	instruction	for	the	parallel	version	across	domains.	In	the	CM-2	models,	the	C*compiler	translated	the	code	into	serial	C-
  paris	function	calls	(parallel	command	rate)	and	handed	the	resulting	code	to	the	native	compiler	of	the	front-end	computer.	The	resulting	executable	files	were	carried	out	on	the	front	machine,	whereby	the	Paris	calls	on	the	connecting	machine	were	made.	On	the	CM-5	and	CM-5E,	the	parallel	C*code	in	a	Simd	mode	was	carried	out	in	a	feature
  processing	style,	while	the	serial	code	was	executed	in	the	PM	node	(Diantrition	Manager),	whereby	the	PM	was	the	"front	end	"In	direct	comparison	with	CM-2.	The	latest	version	of	C*	on	August	27,	1993	is	6thx.	An	inconsistent	language	called	"Parallel	C"	(not	to	be	confused	with	Unified	parallel	C)	influenced	the	design	of	C*.	Data	Parallel-C	was
  based	on	C*.	References	General	C*:	To	Extended	C	Language	for	Data	Parallel	Programming,	John	R.	Rose	and	Guy	L.	Steele,	Jr.,	In	Proceedings	of	the	Second	International	Conference	on	Super	Computing,	Vol.	3,	No.	II,	L.	P.	Kartashev	et	al.	Ed.,	May	1987,	p.	2	16.	C*	User	manual,	Thinking	Machines	Corporation,	1991	C*	Programming	manual,
  Thinking	Machines	Corporation,	1993.	The	Art	of	Parallel	Programming	(2nd	ed.),	B.	P.	Lester,	1.	World	Publishing,	2006	(A	downloadable	version	of	"C*	Compiler	and	Parallel	Computer	Simulation	System"	is	available	on	the	publisher's	website.)	C*,	Guy	L.	Steele,	Jr.,	In	Encyclopedia	of	Parallel	Computing,	D.	Padoa,	ed.,	Springer	,	2011,	pp.	207–
  212.	Called	up	by	"	Programming	book	written	by	Brian	Kernighan	and	Dennis	Ritchie	This	article	deals	with	the	book.	For	the	language	itself	see	C	(programming	language).	For	the	programming	language	cover	of	the	first	edition.Date1978	(1st	edition)	1988	(2nd	edition)	ISBN97801101630	programming	language	C	(sometimes	referred	to	as	K&R,
  according	to	the	initial	of	its	authors)	is	a	computer	program	written	Brian	Kernighan	and	Dennis	Ritchie,	which	was	originally	designed	and	implemented	UNIX	system,	with	which	language	development	was	closely	linked.	The	book	was	of	central	importance	for	the	development	and	popularization	of	the	C	programming	language	and	is	still
  widespread	and	is	used	today.	Since	the	book	was	also	summarized	by	the	original	language	designer	and	the	first	edition	of	the	book	served	as	a	de-affacto	standard	for	language	for	many	years,	the	book	was	considered	to	be	a	significant	reference	to	C	[1]	[2]	History	C	Dennis	Ritchie	created	at	the	beginning	1970s	in	Bell	Labs	as	an	extended
  version	of	Ken	Thompsons	B.	[3].	[3]	Another	employee	of	Bell	Labs,	Brian	Kernighan,	wrote	the	first	tutorial	C	[4]	and	convinced	Ritchie,	a	book	on	the	language	of	too	co	-author.	[5]	Kernighan	would	write	most	of	the	"exposure"	book	and	Ritchie's	reference	guide	became	attached.	The	first	edition	published	on	February	22,	1978	was	the	first
  extended	book	on	the	C	programming	language.	Version	C	is	sometimes	referred	to	as	K&R	C	(according	to	the	authors	of	the	book)	to	make	this	early	version	to	distinguish	from	the	later	version	of	C	as	ansi	C	[6]	in	April	1988,	The	second	edition	of	the	book	was	published	for	the	purpose	of	handling	the	language	changes,	which	is	the	result	of	the
  then	new	standard	of	ANSI	C,	in	particular	the	involvement	of	reference	material	in	standard	libraries.	The	second	edition	of	the	book	(and	since	2022	the	youngest)	has	been	translated	into	more	than	20	languages	since	then.	In	2012,	the	EPUB,	MOBI	and	PDF	formats	were	released	version	of	the	second	edition	of	the	e	-Kniem.	Ansi	C,	which	was
  first	standardized	in	1989	(as	ansi	x3.159-1989),	went	through	several	revisions,	the	youngest	ofIt	is	ISO/IEC	9899:	2018	(also	called	C17	or	C18),	adopted	as	the	ANSI	standard	in	June	2018.	However,	not	a	single	new	version	of	the	programming	language	C	was	released,	covering	newer	standards.	Reception	Byte	said	in	August	1983:
  “[Programming	language	C]	is	the	final	work	in	the	language	of	C.	Do	not	read	further	until	you	have	this	book!”	[1]	Jerry	Purnell	wrote	in	the	magazine	that	year	that	the	book	"is	still	a	standard	...	a	little	brief."	He	continued:	“You	can	study	C	without	receiving	Kernigan	and	Richie,	but	this	is	a	difficult	path.	You	also	work	too	much	if	you	make	it	the
  only	book	in	C	that	you	buy.	”	[7]	Influence	of	programming	language	C,	which	he	often	has	named	for	technical	writing,	and	reviewers	described	it	as	having	a	clear	presentation	and	a	short	presentation.	Examples	usually	consist	of	complete	programs	of	the	type	that	can	be	found	with	everyday	use	of	the	language,	with	an	emphasis	on	system
  programming.	Its	authors	said	that	we	tried	to	maintain	the	brevity	of	the	first	edition.	C	is	a	small	language,	and	a	large	book	is	not	very	suitable	for	it.	We	improved	the	disclosure	of	critical	functions,	such	as	signs	that	are	necessary	for	programming	on	C.	We	improved	the	initial	examples	and	added	new	examples	to	several	chapters.	For	example,
  the	processing	of	complex	ads	is	expanded	by	programs	that	convert	ads	to	words	and	vice	versa.	As	before,	all	examples	were	tested	directly	from	the	text,	which	is	in	machine	-readable	form.	”	Preface	to	the	second	edition	[8]	"Hello,	peace!"	Brian	Kernigan	program	(1978).	The	book	presents	"Hello,	peace!"	A	program	that	prints	only	the	text
  “Hello,	Peace”	as	an	illustration	of	a	minimum	functioning	program	on	C.	Since	then,	many	texts	have	followed	this	agreement	to	introduce	a	programming	language.	Before	the	appearance	of	ANSI	C,	the	first	edition	of	the	text	served	as	a	de	facto	standard	for	a	professional	language.C	compilers.	With	the	standardization	of	ANSI	C,	the	authors	of
  the	second	edition	wrote	the	second	edition	more	consciously	for	programmers	than	compiler	authors,	saying	that	Appendix	A,	the	reference	manual,	is	not	a	standard,	but	rather	our	attempt	to	cover	the	basics	of	the	standard	in	a	smaller	space.	an	intermediary.	It	is	meant	to	be	easy	for	programmers	to	understand,	but	not	as	a	definition	of	compiler
  authors	-	that	role	is	actually	part	of	the	standard	itself.	Appendix	B	is	a	summary	of	the	standard	library	capabilities.	It	is	also	intended	as	a	reference	for	programmers,	not	implementers.	Appendix	C	contains	a	brief	summary	of	changes	from	the	original	version.	Preface	to	the	Second	Edition[8]	The	impact	of	the	C	programming	language	on	the
  generation	of	programmers	who	first	worked	with	C	in	academia	and	industry.	Many	adopt	the	authors'	programming	style	and	conventions	as	recommended	practices,	if	not.	regulatory	practice.	For	example,	the	style	of	coding	and	formatting	the	programs	presented	in	both	editions	of	the	book	is	often	referred	to	as	the	"K&R	Style"	or	"One	True
  Brace	Style"	and	has	become	the	coding	style	commonly	used	in	Unix	and	Unix	source	code.	Linux	-	Kernels.	See	also	C++	programming	language	Preparing	programs	for	the	electronic	digital	computer	References	^	a	b	Ward,	Terry	A.	(August	1983).	"The	Annotated	C/A	Bibliography	of	the	C	Language".	byte.	P.	268.	Retrieved	January	31,	2015.	↑
  Prinz,	Peter;	Crawford,	Tony	(2005-12-16).	C	soon.	O'Reilly	Media,	Inc.	p.	3.	ISBN	9780596550714.	^	Ritchie,	Dennis	M.	(1993).	"The	Evolution	of	the	C	Language".	A	History	of	Programming	Languages,	2nd	Edition.	Retrieved	2018-11-11.	^	"Get	in	and	try	things:	Interview	with	Brian	Kernigan"	.	harmony	at	work.	October	24,	2009.	Archived	from
  the	original	on	July	23,	2012.	Retrieved	March	3,	2013.	↑	Computerphile	(2015-08-18).	"C"	Programming	Language:	Brian	Kernigan	-	Computerphile.	Archived	from	the	original	on:	2021-12-21.	Retrieved	2018-11-11.	^Brian	V.;	Richie,	Dennis	M.	(February	1978).	The	C	Programming	Language	(Edition	1).	Englow	Rocks,	New	Jersey:	Prentiss	Hall.
  ISBN	0-13-110163-3.	^	Pournelle,	Jerry	(December	1983).	"User	is	looking	at	books".	Byte.	p.	519.	Retrieved	24	July	2016.	^	A	B	Kernighan,	Brian;	Richie,	Dennis	M.	(March	1988).	The	C	Programming	Language	(2nd	Edition).	Englow	Rocks,	New	Jersey:	Prentiss	Hall.	ISBN	0-13-110362-8.	External	link	The	C	programming	language,	first	edition
  available	at	the	Internet	Archive	"C	Programming".	Bell	Good	Computing	Science	Research	Center.	2004-06-13.	Archived	from	the	original	on:	2017-02-21.	Retrieved	17	January	2017.	Another	archived	page:	"The	C	Programming	Language".	2016-02-04.	Answers	to	C	Exercises	for	C	Programming	C89/C90/"ANSI	C"	(Book	2)	Retrieved	from	"
  Programming_language	&	Oldid	=	113696643"	""	""	""	""	""	""	""	""	""	""	""	""	""	""	""	""	""	""	""	index.php?title=the_c_programming_language&oldID=1136966437	"