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File: Functional Programming Pdf 197439 | Slides Lp
logic programming prolog rriiccararddoo rroocchhaa computer science department faculty of sciences university of porto implementation of programming languages 2019 2020 implementation of programming languages 2019 2020 logic programming prolog 1 ...

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                   Logic Programming & Prolog
                                          RRiiccararddoo  RRoocchhaa
                                     Computer Science Department
                                  Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto
            Implementation of Programming Languages
                                          2019/2020
 Implementation of Programming Languages 2019/2020 Logic Programming & Prolog                    1 / 21
 Declarative Languages
   Logic programming languages, together with functional programming
   languages,formamajorclassoflanguagescalleddeclarativelanguages.
   Acommoncharacteristicofbothgroupsoflanguagesisthattheyhavea
   ssttrroonngg mmaatthheemmaattiiccaall bbaassiiss::
       • Logicprogramminglanguagesarebasedonthepredicatecalculus
       • Functionalprogramminglanguagesarebasedonthelambdacalculus
 Implementation of Programming Languages 2019/2020 Logic Programming & Prolog                   2/ 21
 Declarative Languages
   Declarative languages are considered to be very high-level languages
   when compared with conventional imperative languages because,
   generally, they allow the programmer to concentrate more on what the
   problem is, leaving much of the details of how to solve the problem to
   tthhee ccoommppuutteerr..
   The programmer specifies the problem at a more application-oriented
   level, which simplifies the formal reasoning about it.
 Implementation of Programming Languages 2019/2020 Logic Programming & Prolog                   3/ 21
 Logic Programming
   Logic programming is a programming paradigm based on Horn Clause
   Logic, a subset of First Order Logic.
   Logic programming is a simple theorem prover that given a theory (or
   program) and a query, uses the theory to search for alternative ways to
   ssatatiissffyy tthhee qquueerryy::
       • Variablesarelogicalvariables which canbeinstantiatedonlyonce
       • Variablesareuntypeduntilinstantiated
       • Variables are instantiated via unification, a pattern matching operation finding
           themostgeneralcommoninstanceoftwodataobjects
       • At unification failure the execution backtracks and tries to find another way to
           satisfy the original query
 Implementation of Programming Languages 2019/2020 Logic Programming & Prolog                   4/ 21
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...Logic programming prolog rriiccararddoo rroocchhaa computer science department faculty of sciences university porto implementation languages declarative together with functional formamajorclassoflanguagescalleddeclarativelanguages acommoncharacteristicofbothgroupsoflanguagesisthattheyhavea ssttrroonngg mmaatthheemmaattiiccaall bbaassiiss logicprogramminglanguagesarebasedonthepredicatecalculus functionalprogramminglanguagesarebasedonthelambdacalculus are considered to be very high level when compared conventional imperative because generally they allow the programmer concentrate more on what problem is leaving much details how solve tthhee ccoommppuutteerr specifies at a application oriented which simplifies formal reasoning about it paradigm based horn clause subset first order simple theorem prover that given theory or program and query uses search for alternative ways ssatatiissffyy qquueerryy variablesarelogicalvariables canbeinstantiatedonlyonce variablesareuntypeduntilinstantiated...

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