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File: The Environment Pdf 49447 | Environment 737fe018
download testbook app environment geography ncert notes for upsc ncert notes on environment is an integral topic of geography subject for the upsc ias exam we can say that the ...

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               Environment  Geography NCERT 
                                                                                  Notes For UPSC 
                                                                                   
                
               NCERT Notes on Environment is an integral topic of Geography subject for the UPSC IAS exam. We 
               can say that the environment is the place where we all exist together. The term environment 
               means anything that surrounds us all.  
                    •    Environment can be living like biotic or nonliving abiotic things. 
                    •    It includes physical, chemical and other natural forces. 
                    •    The living and non-living things of the environment constantly interact with each other 
                         and adapt themselves to conditions of their environment. 
               The  people  who  are  in  different  fields  of  knowledge  use  the  word  environment  too  very 
               differently. The environment electromagnetic waves are radio waves and other radiations of 
               electromagnetic and magnetic fields. The environment that is of the galaxy usually refers to 
               conditions of the interstellar medium. 
               Check the detailed UPSC Mains Syllabus here! 
               In medical and psychology a person's environment is the people, the physical things and the 
               places that the person lives with. The environment usually affects the growth and then the 
               development of the person. It is said that it affects the person's behavior, the body, and the 
               mind and heart as well. 
               Read these NCERT notes on Environment carefully to prepare for UPSC IAS exam and other 
               competitive exams. 
                
               The Ecosystem 
               The term ecosystem is an area that is geographic where plants, and the animals, and other 
               organisms as well as weather and landscape all of them work together to form a bubble of life. 
               The ecosystems contain livin or the biotic part along with the abiotic factors or even the 
               nonliving  parts.  The  factors  that  are  biotic  include  plants,  and  the  animals,  and  other 
               organisms.  There  are  some  of  the  abiotic  factors  including  rocks,  the  temperature,  and 
               humidity. 
                
               Every factor in an ecosystem usually depends on every other factor that is either indirectly and 
               directly. When there is a change in the temperature of an ecosystem it will often affect what 
               plants will grow there for instance we say that. Animals that totally depend on plants for food 
                
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               and shelter as well will have to adapt to the changes, move to another ecosystem or it is to 
               perish. 
               Check the NCERT Notes Geography on Structure of Atmosphere here. 
               Biodegradable And Non-Biodegradable Waste of the Environment 
               As the number of people which are present on Earth increases, naturally, we need more and 
               even more resources to satisfy everyone’s needs and wants. We can say that with the current 
               population that is at 7.4 billion, which is only increasing day by day, we cannot generally 
               expect to utilize a lesser number of resources. We need more land and even more water and 
               more food, more oil, more factories, etc. Naturally we can explain that more waste will also be 
               generated.  Now  let’s  understand  that  what  happens  to  the  waste  that  we  add  to  the 
               environment, there are two kinds of processes which we can perform: 
               Biodegradable Waste: 
               There are such substances which can be broken down into their simpler forms or substances 
               by the process that are biological or are carried out by certain kinds of microorganisms. And 
               hence,  they  will  decompose  slowly.  For  example,  the  biodegradable  substances  include 
               natural substances such as vegetable peels, the tea leaves, the stale food, the cotton, the 
               woolen or the silk clothes, etc. 
               Non-biodegradable Waste: 
               There are substances that cannot be broken down by the action of certain bacteria and other 
               microorganisms and then these do not get decomposed easily. The pressure and heat do 
               affect such substances, however they take a lot of time to decompose and instead harm the 
               ecosystem. 
               Also, check the NCERT Notes Geography on Endogenic Processes here. 
               Food Web And Food Chain 
               Before we can understand the movement of a food web, it is very important to look at a food 
               chain  and  understand  it.  In  the  term  which  is  simplest  of  all  a  food  chain  shows  us  the 
               movement of energy from producers to consumers. For example we can say that a plant that 
               uses photosynthesis to make another form of energy. The plant that we have around is then 
               eaten by a worm. The earthworm is then eaten by a bird instead. This is a very simple food 
               chain. 
                    •    The plant - to the worm - to the bird. 
               The food chains generally happen in all of the ecosystems. However we can say that there is 
               the type of producers and consumers that vary. For example there is a food chain which is 
               present  in  a  forest  ecosystem  that  is  different  from  a  food  chain  found  within  a  pond 
               ecosystem. 
               For example the plants - to the deer - the humans. 
                    •    The grass - to the goats - the tigers. 
                    •    The flowers - to the mice - to the snakes - to the eagles. 
                    •    The grass - to the rabbit - the fox - the coyote. 
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               While there is a food chain that follows a singular path of energy from a producer to a top 
               predator and then food webs illustrate that is the way different animals are interconnected and 
               interact in a food chain. For instance we can say that there are several predators that can eat a 
               mouse or  a  rabbit.  It  also  explores  the  different  paths  which  energy  can  take  within  an 
               ecosystem. 
               For example there is phytoplankton which can be eaten by primary consumers like small 
               planktivorous or the fish, then the benthic invertebrates, and bivalves in a bay ecosystem. 
               There are even small planktivorous fish that can then be eaten by secondary consumers, 
               which includes gulls, the wading birds, and large fish. Those large fish can then be eaten by 
               the tertiary consumer or the third level, like the bald eagle. 
               Check the NCERT Notes Geography on Continental Drift for UPSC. 
               Ozone Layer 
               The ozone layer is a region in the planet's stratosphere that contains high concentrations of 
               ozone and protects the earth from the harmful ultraviolet radiations or we say it the UV rays of 
               the sun. 
               The depletion of the Ozone layer is the gradual thinning of the earth’s ozone layer in the upper 
               atmosphere that is caused due to the release of  chemical compounds which contain gaseous 
               bromine or chlorine from industries or other activities of humans. 
                
                                         •    Avoid using pesticides 
               We can use Natural ones should be used to get rid of pests and weeds instead of using the 
               these                chemicals. One can use some of the eco-friendly chemicals to remove the pests 
               solutions            or remove the weeds manually. 
               for  avoiding             •    Minimize the use of vehicles 
               it  from  the The vehicles which emit a very large amount of greenhouse gases that usually 
               depletion:           lead to the effect of global warming as well as the depletion of the ozone layer. 
                                    Therefore, the use of vehicles which we did on our day to day lives should be 
               minimized as much as possible. 
                
                
                    •    Use Eco-friendly cleaning products 
               Most of the products which are cleaned have chlorine and bromine releasing chemicals that 
               find a way into the atmosphere and then it affects the ozone layer. These should be substituted 
               with all natural products to protect the environment. 
                
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