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picture1_Money Pdf 55725 | Different Types Of Money


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File: Money Pdf 55725 | Different Types Of Money
ap us history different types of money money is the lubricant that greases the wheels of the economy this is how 1 money is a medium of exchange with a ...

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              AP	
  US	
  History	
  	
              	
           	
           Different	
  types	
  of	
  Money	
  
              Money	
  is	
  the	
  lubricant	
  that	
  greases	
  the	
  wheels	
  of	
  the	
  economy.	
  This	
  is	
  how:	
  
              1.  Money	
  is	
  a	
  medium	
  of	
  exchange	
  with	
  a	
  uniform	
  agreed-­‐upon	
  value.	
  Money’s	
  use	
  speeds	
  up	
  
                    transactions	
  and	
  increases	
  the	
  variety	
  of	
  possible	
  transactions	
  because	
  nobody	
  has	
  to	
  compute	
  how	
  
                    many	
  chickens	
  a	
  pig	
  is	
  worth;	
  they	
  just	
  sell	
  a	
  pig	
  for	
  X	
  dollars	
  and	
  then	
  buy	
  a	
  chicken	
  for	
  Y	
  dollars.	
  
              2.  Another	
  advantage	
  of	
  money	
  is	
  that	
  it	
  keeps	
  its	
  value	
  if	
  you	
  put	
  it	
  in	
  storage	
  and	
  ignore	
  it,	
  which	
  is	
  
                    also	
  something	
  that	
  does	
  not	
  work	
  well	
  with	
  chickens	
  and	
  pigs.	
  
              3.  Yet	
  another	
  advantage	
  of	
  money	
  is	
  that	
  it	
  serves	
  not	
  only	
  as	
  a	
  uniform	
  measure	
  of	
  value,	
  but	
  also	
  as	
  a	
  
                    uniform	
  measure	
  of	
  debt.	
  This	
  enables	
  the	
  widespread	
  lending	
  of	
  capital	
  among	
  people	
  who	
  do	
  not	
  
                    even	
  know	
  each	
  other,	
  further	
  promoting	
  economic	
  activity.	
  Banks	
  are	
  often	
  crucial	
  to	
  facilitating	
  this	
  
                    role	
  of	
  money	
  in	
  an	
  economy,	
  central	
  clearinghouses	
  that	
  take	
  excess	
  capital	
  and	
  put	
  it	
  to	
  use.	
  
              Traditionally,	
  money	
  was	
  some	
  kind	
  of	
  metal,	
  often	
  gold	
  or	
  silver,	
  with	
  a	
  value	
  everyone	
  agreed	
  upon.	
  But	
  
              by	
  1800,	
  the	
  amount	
  and	
  value	
  of	
  commerce	
  outpaced	
  the	
  growth	
  of	
  any	
  precious	
  metal	
  reserves.	
  
              Americans	
  came	
  up	
  with	
  other	
  media	
  of	
  exchange	
  as	
  their	
  needs	
  arose.	
  All	
  kinds	
  of	
  money,	
  or	
  currency,	
  
              circulated	
  simultaneously.	
  US	
  and	
  foreign	
  Hard	
  Money	
  mingled	
  with	
  Specie	
  Money	
  issued	
  by	
  various	
  
              state	
  banks,	
  Bills	
  of	
  Exchange	
  used	
  to	
  facilitate	
  foreign	
  trade,	
  and	
  Bank	
  Notes,	
  or	
  Credit	
  Money,	
  used	
  
              both	
  internationally	
  and	
  domestically.	
  Here	
  are	
  the	
  classifications:	
  
              •     HARD	
  MONEY,	
  “The	
  coin	
  of	
  the	
  Realm”	
  –	
  This	
  type	
  of	
  currency	
  is	
  made	
  of	
  precious	
  metals	
  that	
  hold	
  
                    value	
  across	
  time	
  and	
  civilizations,	
  the	
  exchange	
  value	
  being	
  determined	
  by	
  the	
  relative	
  weight	
  and	
  
                                                                         st
                    purity	
  of	
  the	
  metal.	
  In	
  the	
  21       	
  century,	
  the	
  face	
  value	
  of	
  a	
  coin	
  is	
  most	
  often	
  higher	
  than	
  its	
  value	
  as	
  a	
  
                    metal,	
  thus	
  modern	
  coinage	
  operates	
  more	
  as	
  Fiat	
  Money	
  (see	
  below).	
  
              •     SPECIE	
  MONEY	
  –	
  An	
  adaptation	
  of	
  Hard	
  Money	
  designed	
  for	
  commerce,	
  where	
  a	
  Paper	
  Note	
  holds	
  
                    value	
  because	
  it	
  is	
  backed	
  by	
  a	
  reserve	
  of	
  precious	
  metal,	
  either	
  in	
  a	
  bank	
  vault	
  or	
  national	
  treasury.	
  
              •     CREDIT	
  MONEY	
  –	
  Currency	
  that	
  is	
  backed	
  only	
  by	
  a	
  collective	
  belief	
  in	
  the	
  stability	
  of	
  its	
  issuer.	
  If	
  
                    issued	
  by	
  a	
  government	
  or	
  chartered	
  bank	
  in	
  the	
  form	
  of	
  Bank	
  Notes,	
  it	
  was	
  generally	
  supposed	
  to	
  be	
  
                    redeemable	
  for	
  Specie	
  Money	
  upon	
  demand.	
  Credit	
  money	
  was	
  also	
  issued	
  by	
  private	
  banks,	
  often	
  
                    backed	
  by	
  land	
  holdings	
  with	
  a	
  market	
  value	
  theoretically	
  greater	
  than	
  the	
  total	
  of	
  the	
  Bank	
  Notes	
  
                    issued.	
  Large	
  businesses	
  also	
  sometimes	
  issued	
  credit	
  money.	
  
                    As	
  credit	
  money	
  was	
  not	
  actually	
  backed	
  by	
  Hard	
  Money	
  or	
  Specie	
  Money,	
  a	
  panic	
  (too	
  many	
  people	
  
                    wanting	
  to	
  exchange	
  their	
  notes	
  for	
  specie	
  at	
  the	
  same	
  time)	
  would	
  often	
  cause	
  the	
  collapse	
  of	
  the	
  
                    issuing	
  bank.	
  Credit	
  money	
  is	
  worth	
  no	
  more	
  than	
  the	
  popular	
  faith	
  in	
  the	
  institution	
  that	
  issues	
  it.	
  It	
  
                    is	
  just	
  that	
  faith	
  that	
  prevents	
  panics.	
  Since	
  1933,	
  panics	
  have	
  been	
  averted	
  and	
  faith	
  in	
  U.S.	
  banks	
  has	
  
                    been	
  supported	
  by	
  the	
  FDIC,	
  a	
  federal	
  program	
  that	
  insures	
  individual	
  deposits,	
  up	
  to	
  a	
  set	
  value,	
  
                    against	
  bank	
  failure.	
  	
  
              •     FIAT	
  MONEY	
  –	
  A	
  particular	
  type	
  of	
  Credit	
  Money,	
  it	
  holds	
  particular	
  value	
  because	
  the	
  government	
  
                    accepts	
  or	
  requires	
  it	
  as	
  payment	
  for	
  taxes,	
  and	
  the	
  government	
  has	
  a	
  reasonable	
  expectation	
  of	
  being	
  
                    able	
  to	
  collect	
  those	
  taxes.	
  It	
  is	
  not	
  backed	
  by	
  any	
  precious	
  metal.	
  Much	
  of	
  the	
  money	
  in	
  circulation	
  
                    today	
  is	
  fiat	
  money	
  because	
  it	
  is	
  only	
  used	
  by	
  mutual	
  agreement	
  (fiat)	
  that	
  it	
  will	
  serve	
  as	
  a	
  medium	
  of	
  
                    exchange.	
  Today	
  the	
  dollar’s	
  value	
  is	
  supported	
  by	
  faith	
  in	
  the	
  size	
  of	
  the	
  economy.	
  The	
  reason	
  
                    exchange	
  rates	
  with	
  other	
  countries’	
  currencies	
  fluctuate	
  so	
  much	
  is	
  that	
  our	
  dollar’s	
  market	
  value	
  is	
  
                    determined	
  by	
  the	
  international	
  demand	
  for	
  dollars	
  or	
  dollar-­‐denominated	
  investments	
  on	
  any	
  given	
  
                    day.	
  	
                                 th
              Cause	
  of	
  inflation	
  in	
  the	
  19         	
  century	
  
              A	
  general	
  rule	
  for	
  both	
  Credit	
  Money	
  and	
  Fiat	
  Money	
  is	
  that	
  if	
  more	
  of	
  it	
  is	
  introduced	
  into	
  the	
  economy	
  
              –	
  either	
  printed	
  or	
  loaned	
  out	
  –	
  than	
  the	
  institution	
  can	
  reasonably	
  expect	
  to	
  have	
  flowing	
  back	
  in	
  –	
  either	
  	
  
              through	
  returns	
  on	
  investments	
  (Bank	
  Notes)	
  or	
  payments	
  of	
  taxes	
  (Fiat	
  Money)	
  –	
  the	
  	
  value	
  of	
  the	
  
              currency	
  goes	
  down	
  relative	
  to	
  its	
  exchange	
  rate	
  or	
  purchasing	
  power.	
  As	
  with	
  any	
  increase	
  in	
  the	
  money	
  
              supply	
  that	
  is	
  not	
  backed	
  by	
  real	
  value,	
  this	
  results	
  in	
  a	
  rise	
  in	
  prices	
  –	
  inflation.	
  	
  
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...Ap us history different types of money is the lubricant that greases wheels economy this how a medium exchange with uniform agreed upon value s use speeds up transactions and increases variety possible because nobody has to compute many chickens pig worth they just sell for x dollars then buy chicken y another advantage it keeps its if you put in storage ignore which also something does not work well pigs yet serves only as measure but debt enables widespread lending capital among people who do even know each other further promoting economic activity banks are often crucial facilitating role an central clearinghouses take excess traditionally was some kind metal gold or silver everyone by amount commerce outpaced growth any precious reserves americans came media their needs arose all kinds currency circulated simultaneously foreign hard mingled specie issued various state bills used facilitate trade bank notes credit both internationally domestically here classifications coin realm typ...

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