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Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan, Vol. 26, No. 2, October 2020, 95-106
ISSN: 0854-4735, accredited by KEMENRISTEKDIKTI, Decree No: 51/E/KPT/2019
DOI: 10.21831/jptk.v26i2.30965
95
ASSESSMENT OF INSTRUCTIONAL FACILITIES
IN IMPLEMENTING THE CONTENTS OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE
MECHANICS’ WORK CURRICULUM IN TECHNICAL COLLEGES
IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
1Ogbuanya, T. C. and 2Usman, D. A.
1Industrial and Technical Education Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria;
2Federal Government Girls’ College, Bwari, Abuja, Nigeria
Email: usmandavid007@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The training of motor vehicle mechanics is not only expertise demanding, but also requires a lot of
facilities which has to be effectively utilized for the realization of instructional objectives. The objectives
of the study were (1) to ascertain the availability of instructional facilities; and (2) to find out the extent of
the usage of the instructional facilities in implementing the contents of the MVMWC. The population of
the study was 465; consisting of 418 male and 38 female MVMW National Technical Certificate (NTC) III
graduating students for the 2017/2018 session, in the 22 accredited technical colleges in the North-Central
States of Nigeria, and 9 MVMW graduates of technical colleges in the area of study who were operating
functional workshops. The study adopted a Multi-stage Sampling Technique to select a sample size of 189
which comprised 165 male and 15 female MVMW NTC III graduating students and 9 MVMW graduates
of technical colleges from the area of the study. A questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were
used as instruments for data collection. The research questions were analyzed using mean, frequency count,
and percentages. The findings of this study revealed: lack of basic instructional facilities for effective
implementation of the MVMWC in technical colleges in the North Central States of Nigeria; and a low
extent of utilization of the very few instructional facilities available.
Keywords: assessment, availability, instructional facilities, technical colleges, utilization
INTRODUCTION automobile’s operation [4]. Today’s car is a
rolling computer; as there are 30 to 100
As prime movers of people and goods, microprocessors in a car controlling various
automobiles contribute daily to economic and systems. These systems require routine
social systems. The automobile, commonly diagnosis, maintenance, and service [5]. The
known as a motor vehicle or car, is a maintenance of the numerous subsystems of
composite of many complex systems with a modern automobiles has become highly
sophisticated group of technologies challenging and expertise demanding.
assembled. Malone [1] stated that today's cars The automobile maintenance
are factory equipped with computer systems personnel, commonly known as motor
that have more intelligence than the United vehicle mechanics, must therefore be
States' National Aeronautic and Space equipped with the relevant knowledge, skills,
Administration (NASA) spacecraft sent to the and the right attitude for effective
moon. Automobiles now use sophisticated maintenance of modern automobiles, owing
computer technology, advanced wiring, to the influx of automobiles into Nigeria and
intricate circuitry, and complex engineering the challenges of maintaining them. Today's
[2]. The automobile today is controlled by motor vehicle mechanic is expected to
various electronic sensors, actuators, circuits, diagnose, service, and completely repair any
problem in the automobile. He/she must be
and computers [3]. Electronics control
is approximately 75 percent of modern specially trained and equipped for on-board
Received March 30, 2020; Revised May 21, 2020; Accepted September 25, 2020
96 Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan,Vol. 26, No. 2, October 2020
diagnostic (OBD-2) technology to avoid include aim, objectives, contents, teaching
potential errors in diagnosing car trouble strategies, instructional facilities, and method
codes and making appropriate repairs [1]. of evaluation. The availability of the
The motor vehicle mechanic faces the appropriate instructional facilities, as well as
challenges of understanding each of the the effective utilization of the instructional
systems found in the automobile and the facilities, are not only imperative to the
interrelationship of these systems, as well as, realization of the objectives of the program
the need to stay current with changes as new but are also the determinant of the success
models appear every year [3]. They must and otherwise of the program.
understand not only the parts, nomenclature, Instructional facilities are vital in the
and operation, but also understand the teaching and learning process. One major
diagnosis and service procedure for each index for measuring the successful
system in the vehicle. United States Bureau implementation of any curriculum is the
of Labor Statistics (USBLS) [6] stated that provision and management of the facilities
motor vehicle mechanics must have an available for such programs [8]. It is a very
increasingly broad knowledge of how good means of measuring the standard and
vehicles' complex components work and quality of the education to be provided,
interact. They also must be able to work with Nzekwe stressed. Instructional facilities are
electronic diagnostic equipment and digital specifically meant for direct teaching and
manuals and reference materials. Motor learning. They include classrooms, classroom
vehicle mechanics also need to have: an seats, workshops, laboratories, internet
interest in mechanical/electronic systems in a facilities, libraries, equipment, chalkboard,
motor vehicle, good problem-solving ability, audio-visual learning equipment, among
good vision, hearing and sense of smell, others [9]. These facilities bear directly on the
manual dexterity, and mechanical aptitude, teaching-learning process. They enable the
ability to communicate well in English, teacher to carry out his/her work well and also
physical fitness, and strength, ability to drive help the learners to learn effectively [10];
a range of vehicles, ability to read technical therefore, they are an integral component of
diagrams and illustration, have concern for the conditions of learning. The instructional
safety and responsible work attitude; and in facilities offer the reality of experience,
keeping up to date with technology [7]. The provide visual aspects to a process or
above requirements, therefore, not only make technique, facilitate the understanding of
the training of motor vehicle mechanics abstract concepts, and provide the
highly tasking and expertise demanding, but opportunity for the learner to manipulate [8].
also require a very rich curriculum with a lot In this study, instructional facilities are those
of facilities for effective and efficient things that enable teachers/instructors to
implementation. Motor Vehicle Mechanics’ carry out their work well and also help
Work Curriculum (MVMWC), in this study, trainees to learn (acquire skills, knowledge,
is the program in use for training motor and attitude) effectively for the achievement
vehicle mechanics in the Nigerian formal of the aim and objectives of MVMWC. Anike
school system for the maintenance of all & Tari [10] posited that, the quality of
types of vehicles. training that trainees get bears on direct
The components of the Motor Vehicle relevance to the availability or the lack of
Mechanics Work Curriculum (MVMWC) physical facilities and overall atmosphere
Ogbuanya & Usman., Assessment of Instructional Facilities in Implementing the Contents of the Motor Vehicle Mechanics’Work Curriculum 97
diagnostic (OBD-2) technology to avoid include aim, objectives, contents, teaching where the learning takes place. According to auto craftsmen in the society often cause
potential errors in diagnosing car trouble strategies, instructional facilities, and method the Nigerian Educational Research and more damages on vehicles than repairs when
codes and making appropriate repairs [1]. of evaluation. The availability of the Development Council (NERDC) [11], the contracted to work on them; and many
The motor vehicle mechanic faces the appropriate instructional facilities, as well as MVMW program is inherently workshop-serviced/repaired vehicles by these
challenges of understanding each of the the effective utilization of the instructional based; and therefore, calls for an adequately craftsmen, according to Jika, have sent many
systems found in the automobile and the facilities, are not only imperative to the equipped automobile workshop in each people to their early deaths due to inaccurate
interrelationship of these systems, as well as, realization of the objectives of the program school that offers the course. This was or faulty work they've performed on them.
the need to stay current with changes as new but are also the determinant of the success reiterated in the National Board for Technical Regrettably, lack of instructional facilities,
models appear every year [3]. They must and otherwise of the program. Education [12] guidelines and procedures for coupled with the ineffective utilization of the
understand not only the parts, nomenclature, Instructional facilities are vital in the the establishment of private technical and few available, in the implementation of the
and operation, but also understand the teaching and learning process. One major technological institutions in Nigeria that, an MVMWC in technical colleges in North
diagnosis and service procedure for each index for measuring the successful adequately equipped workshop for the Central states of Nigeria has been the major
system in the vehicle. United States Bureau implementation of any curriculum is the specific modules to be taught in technical bane of the program; as graduates of the
of Labor Statistics (USBLS) [6] stated that provision and management of the facilities colleges must be on the ground as criteria for program lacked the basic skills and the right
motor vehicle mechanics must have an available for such programs [8]. It is a very accrediting any technical college program. attitude needed for gainful employment in
increasingly broad knowledge of how good means of measuring the standard and However, researches show that students’ today's automobile industry. Therefore, the
vehicles' complex components work and quality of the education to be provided, potentials are not properly channeled as problem of this study was to assess the
interact. They also must be able to work with Nzekwe stressed. Instructional facilities are schools lack basic instructional facilities availability and utilization of instructional
electronic diagnostic equipment and digital specifically meant for direct teaching and necessary for effective curriculum facilities in implementing the MVMWC in
manuals and reference materials. Motor learning. They include classrooms, classroom implementation [13], [14]. In addition to the technical colleges in the North Central states
vehicle mechanics also need to have: an seats, workshops, laboratories, internet adequate availability of instructional of Nigeria.
interest in mechanical/electronic systems in a facilities, libraries, equipment, chalkboard, facilities, effective utilization of the Today's automobile is a composite of
motor vehicle, good problem-solving ability, audio-visual learning equipment, among instructional facilities is imperative; because many complex systems with a sophisticated
good vision, hearing and sense of smell, others [9]. These facilities bear directly on the it is one thing to have the facilities, and group of technologies assembled. Today's
manual dexterity, and mechanical aptitude, teaching-learning process. They enable the another thing entirely to (be able to) use them. motor vehicle mechanic is expected to
ability to communicate well in English, teacher to carry out his/her work well and also The availability and effective diagnose, service, and completely repair any
physical fitness, and strength, ability to drive help the learners to learn effectively [10]; utilization of instructional facilities, in problem on the automobile. Furthermore, the
a range of vehicles, ability to read technical therefore, they are an integral component of addition to the quality of curriculum mechanic must possess good problem-
diagrams and illustration, have concern for the conditions of learning. The instructional implementation of any society, is the bedrock solving ability, manual dexterity and
safety and responsible work attitude; and in facilities offer the reality of experience, of its political, economic, scientific, and mechanical aptitude, responsible work
keeping up to date with technology [7]. The provide visual aspects to a process or technological well-being. attitude; and keeping up to date with
above requirements, therefore, not only make technique, facilitate the understanding of The education system in northern technology. The above requirements can only
the training of motor vehicle mechanics abstract concepts, and provide the Nigeria is facing a lot of challenges. The be achieved via a rich curriculum with a lot
highly tasking and expertise demanding, but opportunity for the learner to manipulate [8]. implementation of the MVMWC in the North of facilities for effective implementation.
also require a very rich curriculum with a lot In this study, instructional facilities are those Central States of Nigeria is also factored in Unfortunately, several studies [7],
of facilities for effective and efficient things that enable teachers/instructors to the situation, as graduates of technical [18]–[21] have revealed that technical college
implementation. Motor Vehicle Mechanics’ carry out their work well and also help colleges in Plateau State, a case study carried products of the MVMW program lacked the
Work Curriculum (MVMWC), in this study, trainees to learn (acquire skills, knowledge, out by Nyapson [16], have irrelevant and basic skills needed for gainful employment in
is the program in use for training motor and attitude) effectively for the achievement inadequate skills in motor vehicle mechanic, today's automobile industry. Regrettably,
vehicle mechanics in the Nigerian formal of the aim and objectives of MVMWC. Anike which has rendered most of them jobless in lack of instructional facilities, coupled with
school system for the maintenance of all & Tari [10] posited that, the quality of the society. Nyapson stated that they neither the ineffective utilization of the few
types of vehicles. training that trainees get bears on direct set up their workshops nor are they being available, in the implementation of the
The components of the Motor Vehicle relevance to the availability or the lack of employed by automobile industries in the MVMWC in technical colleges in North
Mechanics Work Curriculum (MVMWC) physical facilities and overall atmosphere state. Jika [17] posited that such half-baked Central states of Nigeria has been the major
98 Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan,Vol. 26, No. 2, October 2020
bane of the program; as graduates of the area of the study were also selected for Focus
program lacked the basic skills and the right Group Discussion (FGD).
attitude for gainful employment in today's The study utilized both quantitative and
automobile industry. Therefore, the problem qualitative techniques to enrich the findings.
of this study was to assess the availability and The following instruments were used for data
utilization of the instructional facilities in collection: For Research Question one
implementing the MVMWC contents in (RQ1), a Checklist of instructional facilities
technical colleges in North Central Nigeria. available, containing 91 items based on the
specified minimum number of tools and
METHOD equipment required by NBTE for
implementation of the MVMWC was used;
The study adopted a descriptive survey and the response categories for the checklist
research design. The study was carried out in were: A = Available, BHANR = Below Half
North-Central Nigeria; comprising of Kogi, of Average Number Required, and NA = Not
Niger, Benue, Kwara, Plateau, Nassarawa, Available, respectively. For Research
and the Federal Capital Territory. The Question two (RQ 2), a Questionnaire titled:
population for this study was 465; consisting the Extent of the Usage of the Instructional
of 418 male and 38 female MVMW NTC III Facilities Available in Implementing the
graduating students for the 2017/2018 session Contents of the MVMWC was used; with
in the 22 accredited technical colleges in the response categories of Very Great Extent
North-Central Zone of Nigeria, and 9 (VGE), Great Extent (GE), Moderate Extent
MVMW graduates who were operating (ME) Low Extent (LE) and Lowest Extent
functional workshops. The study adopted the (LSE) rated 5, 4, 3, 2, and1 respectively.
Multi-stage Sampling Technique. The Cronbach Alpha (α) reliability technique was
subjects for the study comprised two sample used to establish the internal consistency of
groups – graduating students and graduates of the instrument. The reliability coefficient for
MVMW. A sample size of 189 was used for the instrument was 0.77
the study, comprising of 165 male and 15 The Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
female MVMW NTC III graduating students, was conducted with nine graduates of
and 9 MVMW graduates who were operating technical colleges in the area of the study who
functional workshops. In stage one, a were operating functional workshops. This
purposive sampling technique was adopted to was to find out from them, based on their
select (based on school type) two Federal experience on the job after school and the
Science and Technical Colleges and six tools and equipment used on the job after
State-owned Technical Colleges. In stage leaving school; the quantity and quality of the
two, a proportionate stratified random tools and equipment that were available and
sampling technique was adopted to sample effectively utilized during their school
the 165 male and 15 female MVMW NTC III program in training them; and comparing
graduating students from the selected schools them with those of the workplace.
representing a ratio of 11:1 based on the Questionnaires were administered to
proportion of the population of male and the respondents by the researcher through
female. Some 9 other MVMW graduates who personal contact and with the help of MVMW
were operating functional workshops in the teachers from each of the sampled schools,
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