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2348 0173 eissn vol 2 issue 2 march april 2014 i j a a m g r o m a a j i w w w international journal of ayurveda ...

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                                             - 2348-0173
                                        eISSN 
                                Vol-2 / Issue-2 - March-April - 2014
         I J A A M
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              INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
    OF AYURVEDA & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
                  Bi-Monthly Peer Reviewed International Journal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                         VOL 2                     IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL  JJOOUURRNNAALL  OOFF  AAYUYURRVVEEDDAA  &&  AALLTTEERRNNAATTIIVVEE  MMEEDDIICCIINNEE              eISSN 
                               ISSUE 2 (2014)                      IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL  JJOOUURRNNAALL  OOFF  AAYUYURRVVEEDDAA  &&  AALLTTEERRNNAATTIIVVEE  MMEEDDIICCIINNEE          2348-0173 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                             REVIEW ARTICLE                                                                                                                            eISSN 2348- 0173 
                                                                                                                         
                                   UNDERSTANDING SHATKRIYAS OF YOGA THROUGH AYURVEDA 
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                               Guruprasad K.* 
                                                                                                                                
                                     1.  Assistant professor, Department of Swasthavritta, Sri Jayendra saraswathi Ayurveda College 
                                            & Hospital, Nazarathpet, Chennai – 600123, E- Mail – punithakb@gmail.com 
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                        -         th
                                                                              Article Received on                            18  February 2014 
                                                                                                                        -         th
                                                                              Article Revised on                             17  March 2014  
                                                                              Article Accepted on                       -       th
                                                                                                                             9  May 2014 
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                   All articles published in IJAAM are peer-reviewed and can be downloaded, printed and 
                                              distributed freely for non commercial purpose (see copyright notice below). 
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
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                                                                                                            © 2013 IJAAM 
                             This  is  an  Open  Access  article  distributed  under  the  terms  of  the  Creative  Commons  Attribution  License 
                             (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.en_US), which permits unrestricted non commercial 
                             use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 
                                                                                                                         
                                                    Guruprasad K. Understanding Shatkriyas of Yoga Through Ayurved, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2014; 2(2):1-6 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                         VOL 2                     IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL  JJOOUURRNNAALL  OOFF  AAYUYURRVVEEDDAA  &&  AALLTTEERRNNAATTIIVVEE  MMEEDDIICCIINNEE              eISSN 
                               ISSUE 2 (2014)                      IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL  JJOOUURRNNAALL  OOFF  AAYUYURRVVEEDDAA  &&  AALLTTEERRNNAATTIIVVEE  MMEEDDIICCIINNEE          2348-0173 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                             REVIEW ARTICLE                                                                                                                           eISSN 2348- 0173 
                                                                                                                         
                                   UNDERSTANDING SHATKRIYAS OF YOGA THROUGH AYURVEDA  
                                                                                                                         
                              
                                                                                ABSTRACT:                                
                                                                                Yoga is an ancient scientific method which is recognized globally and is getting 
                                                                                much popularity for its non pharmacological methods. On the observation many 
                                                                                of  practitioners  and  teachers  of  yoga  were  given  much  importance  for  Asana, 
                                                                                Pranayama and Dhyana, ignored basic techniques of yoga like Mudra, Bhanda, and 
                                                                                Shatkriyas. Shatkriyas are a unique therapy explained as a part of Hatha Yoga, the 
                                                                                purpose of Hatha yoga is to establish perfect harmony between two Pranic flows 
                             *Corresponding Author                              those are Ida and Pingala. When they are perfectly balanced, Prana will begins to 
                                                                                flow in Sushumna Nadi, the most important Nadi in Psychic body, understanding 
                             Guruprasad K,                                      this  concept  is  very  difficult  for  beginners  so  better  understanding  purpose 
                             Assistant professor                                humble trial has been made to explain by taking help of Ayurveda.  Ayurveda is 
                             Dept.  of Swasthavritta,                           one  of  the  ancient  medical  systems,  which  explains  preventive  and  curative 
                             Sri Jayendra saraswathi                            aspects of diseases, describes Panchakarma (Penta biopurificatory method) for 
                             Ayurveda College &                                 purification of body and prevention of diseases which mimics Shatkriyas of Yoga 
                             Hospital, Nazarathpet,                             hence the present study is selected to make easy understanding the techniques of 
                             Chennai – 600123                                   Shatkriyas  through  concept  of  Ayurveda.  This  review  article  shows  that  by 
                             Mobile – 07200715452,                              applying  concept  of  Ayurveda  one  can  easily  understand  practicality  of 
                             E-Mail –                                           Shatkarma.  
                             punithakb@gmail.com                                Key Words: Dhouthi, Basthi, Nethi, Trataka, Nouli, Kapala bhathi. 
                              
                              
                             INTRODUCTION                                                                                  collected and compiled also available websites for 
                             Ayurveda  is  one  of  the  oldest  scientific  medical                                       yoga  have  been  searched  for  this  article  and 
                             systems in the world, with a long record of clinical                                          compared  with  Ayurvedic  shodhana  karma  for 
                             experiences to validate it. It is not only a system of                                        better understanding of Shatkriyas.  
                             medicine  in  the  conventional  sense  of  curing                                            To  conclude  the  study,  all  available  Ayurvedic 
                             disease, it is also a way of life that teaches us how                                         literature referred, and a humble attempt has been 
                             to  maintain  and  protect  health.  Yoga  is  known                                          made to draw conclusion. 
                             ancient  system  which  has  many  principles  to                                              
                             protect  health  and  to  overcome  diseases  by                                              CONCEPT OF SHATKRIYAS 
                             fallowing  non  pharmacological  measures  like                                               Ayurveda and yoga have impact over each other. 
                             Asana, Pranayama, and Shatkriyas. The aim of yoga                                             We  find  lot  of  similarities  between  yoga  and 
                             is  to  achieve  Moksha,  which  is  one  of  the  four                                       Ayurveda as follows: 
                             Purusharthas as explained in yoga and Ayurveda.                                                   •      Ayurveda and Yoga are taken origin of Vedic 
                             To achieve the Moksha, maintenance of health is                                                          sciences. 
                             much  important,  which  can  only  obtained  by                                                  •      Both have accepted the basic principles of 
                             following  the  principles  as  explained  in  the                                                       Sankhya philosophy. 
                             particular health sciences.                                                                       •      Both  have  accepted  the  theory  of  Omni 
                                                                                                                                      substances,             Trigunas,            as      the       primary                          
                             AIMS AND OBJECTIVES                                                                                      qualities from which the entire universe is                                                   22
                             Aim of this study is to make easy understanding of                                                       created.                                                                                      ee
                             Shatkarma  by  collecting  all  available  literature                                                                                                                                                  gg
                                                                                                                               •      Both         have         accepted             the       theory          of                   aa
                             regarding             six      purificatory             procedures  from                                 Panchamahabhutas                          (five           primordial                          PP
                             classical texts of yoga and compare with Penta bio                                                       elements). 
                             purificatory  procedures  which  are  explained  in                                               •      Both have belief in Psycho-somatic-spiritual 
                             Ayurvedic classics.                                                                                      health. 
                             To analyze whether there would be a significance                                                  •      Importance  of  Vayu  explained  in  both  the 
                             difference  in  both  purificatory  procedures  in                                                       sciences. 
                             curing and preventing diseases.                                                                   •      Both         have         bio       purificatory              methods 
                                                                                                                                      (Panchakarma and Shatkriyas). 
                             MATERIALS AND METHODS                                                                         For  both  yoga  and  Ayurveda,  the  purification  at 
                             This  article  is  conceptual,  all  the  available                                           different  levels  is  of  primary  importance.  It  is 
                             references  from  yoga  literature  have  been 
                                                                                                                         
                                                    Guruprasad K. Understanding Shatkriyas of Yoga Through Ayurved, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2014; 2(2):1-6 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                         VOL 2                     IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL  JJOOUURRNNAALL  OOFF  AAYUYURRVVEEDDAA  &&  AALLTTEERRNNAATTIIVVEE  MMEEDDIICCIINNEE              eISSN 
                               ISSUE 2 (2014)                      IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL  JJOOUURRNNAALL  OOFF  AAYUYURRVVEEDDAA  &&  AALLTTEERRNNAATTIIVVEE  MMEEDDIICCIINNEE          2348-0173 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                             purification  by  which  one  can  get  physical  and                                         preoperative procedures like oil massage, swedana 
                             mental strength.                                                                              etc.,  and  duration  of  whole  of  treatment  being  7 
                             The  following  are  the  Penta  bio  purificatory                                            days (varies from person and disease) to complete 
                             procedures as explained in Ayurveda: [1], [2].                                                the Vamana course. 
                             1.      Vamana  –  removes  vitiated  kapha  dosha                                             
                                     (Prakrutha  kapha  –  Humor  responsible  for                                         Vamana Dhouthi cannot produce same results like 
                                     immune function) present all over the body.                                           Vamana karma,  but  it  will  bring  out  all  morbid 
                             2.      Virechana  –  removes  vitiated  Pitta  dosha                                         matter  (Toxins)  present  in  the  stomach  by  the 
                                     (Prakrutha  Pitta  –  Humor  responsible  for                                         process  of  voluntary  vomiting,  initially  it  seems 
                                     metabolic activities) present all over the body.                                      unnatural  but  this  practice  cleanses  both  upper 
                             3.      Basthi         –     removes  vitiated  Vata  dosha                                   elementary canal and respiratory systems, it may 
                                     (Prakrutha  Vata  –  Humor  responsible  for                                          be  observed  as  both  stimulates,  Samana  Vata, 
                                     nervous function) present all over the body.                                          Pachaka Pitta and Kledaka kapha of the stomach. 
                             4.      Nasya – removes vitiated Kapha dosha present                                          Dhouthi  removes  impurities  that  can  cause 
                                     in the head.                                                                          diseases,           and  enhances  general  health  by 
                             5.      Raktha  Mokshana  –  removes  vitiated  Pitta                                         permitting best possible assimilation of nutrients.  
                                     dosha  present  in  the  Raktha  and  other  local                                     
                                     regions.                                                                              DANDA DHOUTHI 
                             These  procedures  on  careful  observation  will                                             This is the method of cleansing Esophagus, throat 
                             mimic  some  of  the  purificatory  process  as                                               and stomach, in which soft core of banana stem 
                             explained in the classical text of yoga.                                                      about half inch in diameter and two feet long is 
                                              धौतबि त तथा नोतललक ाटकं तथा।                                         used to insert in to the stomach through mouth. [10]  
                                              कपालभातचतै ान षकमाण समाचरेत।।                                          It is a unique therapy in Shatkarma which cannot 
                                                                                                  ्                        be  correlated  with  any  of  the  therapies  under 
                             According to Hatha yoga Pradipika and Gheranda                                                Panchakarma, but looking to the procedure it may 
                             Samhitha, there are six cleansing techniques called                                           increases  the  secretion  of  stomach  by  which 
                                                          [3],  [4]. 
                             as  Shat  Kriyas.                         They  are  Dhouthi,  Basthi,                        corrects  indigestion  and  helps  as  appetizer  as  it 
                             Nethi,  Trataka,  Nouli  and  Kapala  bhathi.  ‘Shat’                                         effect on Samana Vata and Pachaka Pitta. 
                             means             six       and          ‘Kriya’          means            therapy             
                             (Shodhanam/cleansing),  these  are  yogic  Kriyas                                             VASTRA DHOUTHI 
                             which  removes  waste  material  of  our  internal                                            In this procedure a specially prepared white cotton 
                             organs which are not expelled normally. Therefore                                             cloth approximately two inches in wide and twenty 
                             the aim of Hatha yoga and of the Shatkriyas are to                                            feet length soaked in saline water, is swallowed to 
                             cleanse  the  internal  organs  and  there  by  create                                        the stomach and removed carefully with in twenty 
                             harmony  between  the  major  Pranic  flows,  Ida  -                                          minutes of insertion when small portion of cloth 
                             Pingala  and  attaining  a  physical  and  mental                                             remains  outside,  [11].  By  doing  so,  the  excess 
                             purification.                                                                                 Kledaka kapha and Aama (Auto toxins) present in 
                                                                                                                           the stomach due to their pichhila (Sticky) property 
                             DHOUTHI                                                                                       will get adherent to cloth and comes out with cloth 
                             Dhouthi is cleansing procedure of gastro intestinal                                           by this it will alleviate Ama and corrects Kledaka 
                                                                     [5]. 
                             tract, this is of 3 types.                                                                    kapha. 
                                     1.     Vamana Dhouthi                                                                  
                                     2.     Danda Dhouthi                                                                  In Ayurveda, seat of Kapha dosha is in the mucus 
                                     3.     Vastra Dhouthi                                                                 element of chest and stomach, in this practice the                                                         
                                                                                                                           excess  mucus  from  the  chest  is  removed.  It                                                        33
                             VAMANA DHOUTHI                                                                                                                                                                                         ee
                             It is the process in which the person drinks saline                                           thoroughly  scrubs  walls  of  the  stomach  and                                                         gg
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    aa
                             water  and  induces  the  vomiting  [6].  The  same                                           stimulates  the  peristalsis  and  digestive  juices,  it                                                PP
                             procedure  is  performed  in  Ayurveda  called  as                                            brings both Pitta and kapha dosha back to balance, 
                             Vamana, but vomiting is induced by using herbal                                               improving  all  conditions  related  to  upper  gastro 
                             medicines called as Vamana karma. It is done to                                               intestinal tract.   
                             flush out the vitiated Doshas from all the parts of                                            
                             the  body.  Here  the  person  drinks  medicated                                              LAGHU SHANKA PRAKSHALANA: 
                             decoction with milk etc and induces vomiting after                                            Laghu shanka prakshalana is also called Varisara 
                             giving  gap  of  few  minutes.  [7][8][9]  The  action  of                                    Dhouthi,  the  word  Shanka  means  conch  and 
                             Vamana may not be same as Vamana Dhouthi but                                                  prakshalana               means           wash          completely.              The 
                             procedure is same. Before the commencement of                                                 technique washes the conch shaped intestine and 
                             Vamana the patient will be undergoing some of the                                             entire  alimentary  canal  from  mouth  to  the  anus 
                                                                                                                           hence is rightly called Shankha prakshalana.  
                                                                                                                         
                                                    Guruprasad K. Understanding Shatkriyas of Yoga Through Ayurved, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2014; 2(2):1-6 
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...Eissn vol issue march april i j a m g r o w international journal of ayurveda alternative medicine bi monthly peer reviewed iinntteerrnnaattiioonnaall jjoouurrnnaall ooff aayuyurrvveeddaa aalltteerrnnaattiivvee mmeeddiicciinnee review article understanding shatkriyas yoga through guruprasad k assistant professor department swasthavritta sri jayendra saraswathi college hospital nazarathpet chennai e mail punithakb gmail com th received on february revised accepted may all articles published in ijaam are and can be downloaded printed distributed freely for non commercial purpose see copyright notice below ee gg aa pp this is an open access under the terms creative commons attribution license http creativecommons org licenses by nc nd deed en us which permits unrestricted use distribution reproduction any medium provided original work properly cited ayurved int ayu alt med eis...

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