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ARNOLDIA A continuation of the BULLETIN OF POPULAR INFORMATION of the Arnold Harvard Arboretum, University 10 VoLUrtE 13 3 SEPTEMBER 1953 NUMBER 25, METHODS IN PLANT NEW PROPAGATION majority of horticultural varieties of ornamental trees and shrubs must THE for reason do be the that not grown by vegetative propagation they develop true from seeds. can be or on However, they propagated by grafting budding or clonal stem or root and soil or air seedling rootstocks, by cuttings by layering. of All of these have the flavor of trees of procedures great antiquity. Grafting on rootstocks was known in the Roman while air merit seedling period layering was the Chinese thousands of far back in time years performed by ago. Moreover, horticulturists used distinct methods of root formation of encouraging cuttings. often a seed in a cleft made at the base of the thus They placed sprouting cutting which stimulates root Bottom heat for providing the added hormone growth. was a trench with manure covered beds fresh horse propagating provided by filling of manure The with soil. The the provided the necessary heat. decomposition air from an sus- Chinese their moist water earthen vessel kept layers by dripping a above moss the branch. pended split clay pot containing circling which The modern now has new make propagator many techniques productivity such indo- and his work easier. as indoleacetic and higher Synthetic hormones, lebutyric acid, stimulate root formation in cuttings and air layers. Generally, of in or hormones are to the cut surface the either applied cutting liquid powdered in for what is for one form. are made various They up strengths, practical species be for another. Each has a combination of charac- may impractical plant unique in within the so it to teristics, even the species, that is impractical relationship must for are differ advocate the exact hormone one use, and plants complex may from to place place. Bottom in is now electric cables that heat frames cutting provided b~ heating has a significant value for cuttmgs. humidity needed for softwood many High was enclosed cases and glass cuttings formerly provided by recently supplemented film is now to automatic mist used maintain hu- by sprayers. Polyethylene high in These in beds and aerial achievements not midity cutting layering. do sub- of the but do stitute for the skill and judgment propagator, they make his task and there is an incalculable in labor. easier saving film is of This new plastic one the most useful materials in horti- polyethylene This film and immense is the as that culture today. same enjoys popularity plastic frozen foods and used in the of home some fruits and It packaging vegetables. mail can obtained the at order and stores. We be by yard large department are of and it for air stratification seeds, material using layering, shipping storing plant and for the new unit. propagating unit the writer has to of This new developed by proved be propagating great value to the amateur and can be modified for needs. A propagator professional flat is with or a of deep filled sand, vermiculite, mixture sand, peat greenhouse and For which root sand or vermicu- moss "Styrofoam." cuttings easily, sharp lite will do. For more difficult material a mixture is made of up seventy percent ten clean sand and This peat, percent sharp twenty percent "Styrofoam." sty- shredded from a florist The or rene comes house. hard soft plastic finely supply in treated with a hormone and set the wood are flat. The cuttings powder cuttings well. Next a wire frame is made over the flat for a then should be watered frame- work to a cheesecloth Over the cheesecloth is a support damp covering. placed sheet of the film to tuck under the semi-transparent polyethylene large enough ends and bottom of the flat. This has the of sides, plastic unexpected quality the to loss of water and "breathe." The cheesecloth checking yet permits cuttings in flat adds a little for the moisture the and shade the spreads evenly cuttings. When the unit can be on a bench completed, propagation placed greenhouse a late and or in a window of the spring summer the unit can dwelling. During a or in shade of a this be under tree the By method the placed building. using to for weeks or even months if well in unit does not need be watered sealed; than one even be harmful! If in a fact, more watering may placed greenhouse or window should be shaded a hot they by during sunny sunny newspaper days of is incredible how "domesticated" the summer. It cuttings become, growing and in what seems a natural habitat. green turgid Once the are care must be taken for must not cuttings adequately rooted, they be to extreme in Remove framework of wires and subjecte~l changes atmosphere. then the film over the and excessive cheesecloth, replace plastic cuttings during hot a shade over the film to of cuttings. days place newspaper prevent burning it a we are to find the Perhaps was coincidence, but highly pleased by leaving on for azaleas and rhododendrons will a considerable break plastic time, dormancy has a for When earlier. This alone been factor many nurserymen. the disturbing are well hardened, can be planted in a coldframe, lath house or cuttings they of insurance of air in the The use the essential root- nursery. "Styrofoam" gives mixture over a These small of plastic eliminate ing long period. particles help in the of the be left the mix- may problem over-watering cuttings. Cuttings peat (i·o w O ~O f m 3 0 b 0 M _H~ a.o c :~ ~ biJ 3 ~ ,° o a CD y G G a a, ‘~ a c o ~ c ~c o c ~a x °.-,’ .~ ~, y~ 57 1~ o :.2"’- x 0 a m ca 3 ’" x E· ~: ~, >C W E d a C~ PLATE XIII dbnae-YIcIntosh taken June 20. rooted apple cuttings Fifty eight percent were (under and the rest callused when the ex- polyethylene film) heavily was periment discontinued. Ce~ate~A kit for described on 62. propagation amateurs, page Rho. fortunei on rooted of Rho. l3otto~rc-Grafting hybrid cutting "Cunning- ham’s White" takes two months under film from the time only polyethylene is inserted until the has five the unit knit. of cutting graft Seventy percent these were successful. From left to Rho. of grafts right: Cutting "Cunning- ham’s White." of rooted removed and scion for inser- Top cutting ready film in tion. Graft made cut of to hold scion using strips polyethylene place. graft well. Completed growing (i ~.
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