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ARNOLDIA
A continuation of
the
BULLETIN OF POPULAR
INFORMATION
of the Arnold Harvard
Arboretum, University
10
VoLUrtE 13 3 SEPTEMBER 1953 NUMBER
25,
METHODS IN PLANT
NEW PROPAGATION
majority of horticultural varieties of ornamental trees and shrubs must
THE for reason do
be the that not
grown by vegetative propagation they develop
true from seeds. can be or on
However, they propagated by grafting budding
or clonal stem or root and soil or air
seedling rootstocks, by cuttings by layering.
of
All of these have the flavor of trees of
procedures great antiquity. Grafting
on rootstocks was known in the Roman while air
merit seedling period layering
was the Chinese thousands of far back in time
years
performed by ago. Moreover,
horticulturists used distinct methods of root formation of
encouraging cuttings.
often a seed in a cleft made at the base of the thus
They placed sprouting cutting
which stimulates root Bottom heat for
providing the added hormone growth.
was a trench with manure covered
beds fresh horse
propagating provided by filling
of manure The
with soil. The the provided the necessary heat.
decomposition
air from an sus-
Chinese their moist water earthen vessel
kept layers by dripping
a
above moss the branch.
pended split clay pot containing circling
which
The modern now has new make
propagator many techniques productivity
such indo-
and his work easier. as indoleacetic and
higher Synthetic hormones,
lebutyric acid, stimulate root formation in cuttings and air layers. Generally,
of in or
hormones are to the cut surface the either
applied cutting liquid powdered
in for what is for one
form. are made various
They up strengths, practical species
be for another. Each has a combination of charac-
may impractical plant unique
in within the so it to
teristics, even the species, that is impractical
relationship
must for are differ
advocate the exact hormone one use, and
plants complex may
from to
place place.
Bottom in is now electric cables that
heat frames
cutting provided b~ heating
has a significant value for cuttmgs. humidity needed for softwood
many High
was enclosed cases and
glass
cuttings formerly provided by recently supplemented
film is now to
automatic mist used maintain hu-
by sprayers. Polyethylene high
in These
in beds and aerial achievements not
midity cutting layering. do sub-
of
the but do
stitute for the skill and judgment propagator, they make his task
and there is an incalculable in labor.
easier saving
film is of
This new plastic one the most useful materials in horti-
polyethylene
This film
and immense is the as that
culture today. same
enjoys popularity plastic
frozen foods and
used in the of home some fruits and It
packaging vegetables.
mail
can obtained the at order and stores. We
be by yard large department are
of and
it for air stratification seeds, material
using layering, shipping storing plant
and for the new unit.
propagating
unit the writer has to of
This new developed by proved be
propagating great
value to the amateur and can be modified for needs. A
propagator professional
flat is with or a of
deep filled sand, vermiculite, mixture sand, peat
greenhouse
and For which root sand or vermicu-
moss "Styrofoam." cuttings easily, sharp
lite will do. For more difficult material a mixture is made of
up seventy percent
ten clean sand and This
peat, percent sharp twenty percent "Styrofoam." sty-
shredded from a florist The or
rene comes house. hard soft
plastic finely supply
in
treated with a hormone and set the
wood are flat. The
cuttings powder cuttings
well. Next a wire frame is made over the flat for a
then should be watered frame-
work to a cheesecloth Over the cheesecloth is a
support damp covering. placed
sheet of the film to tuck under the
semi-transparent polyethylene large enough
ends and bottom of the flat. This has the of
sides, plastic unexpected quality
the to
loss of water and "breathe." The cheesecloth
checking yet permits cuttings
in flat adds a little for
the moisture the and shade the
spreads evenly cuttings.
When the unit can be on a bench
completed, propagation placed greenhouse
a late and
or in a window of the spring summer the unit can
dwelling. During
a or in shade of a this
be under tree the By method the
placed building. using
to for weeks or even months if well in
unit does not need be watered sealed;
than one even be harmful! If in a
fact, more watering may placed greenhouse
or window should be shaded a hot
they by during sunny
sunny newspaper days
of is incredible how "domesticated" the
summer. It cuttings become,
growing
and in what seems a natural habitat.
green turgid
Once the are care must be taken for must not
cuttings adequately rooted, they
be to extreme in Remove framework of wires and
subjecte~l changes atmosphere.
then the film over the and excessive
cheesecloth, replace plastic cuttings during
hot a shade over the film to of cuttings.
days place newspaper prevent burning
it a we are to find the
Perhaps was coincidence, but highly pleased by leaving
on for azaleas and rhododendrons will
a considerable break
plastic time, dormancy
has a for When
earlier. This alone been factor many nurserymen. the
disturbing
are well hardened, can be planted in a coldframe, lath house or
cuttings they
of insurance of air in the
The use the essential root-
nursery. "Styrofoam" gives
mixture over a These small of plastic eliminate
ing long period. particles help
in
the of the be left the mix-
may
problem over-watering cuttings. Cuttings peat
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PLATE XIII
dbnae-YIcIntosh taken June 20. rooted
apple cuttings Fifty eight percent
were
(under and the rest callused when the ex-
polyethylene film) heavily
was
periment discontinued.
Ce~ate~A kit for described on 62.
propagation amateurs, page
Rho. fortunei on rooted of Rho.
l3otto~rc-Grafting hybrid cutting "Cunning-
ham’s White" takes two months under film from the time
only polyethylene
is inserted until the has five
the unit knit. of
cutting graft Seventy percent
these were successful. From left to Rho.
of
grafts right: Cutting "Cunning-
ham’s White." of rooted removed and scion for inser-
Top cutting ready
film in
tion. Graft made cut of to hold scion
using strips polyethylene place.
graft well.
Completed growing
(i ~.
