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picture1_Plant Propagation Methods Pdf 88305 | 1953 13  New Methods In Plant Propagation


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File: Plant Propagation Methods Pdf 88305 | 1953 13 New Methods In Plant Propagation
arnoldia a continuation of the bulletin of popular information of the arnold harvard arboretum university 10 volurte 13 3 september 1953 number 25 methods in plant new propagation majority of ...

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                                 ARNOLDIA
                                   A continuation of 
                                                             the
                        BULLETIN OF POPULAR 
                                                          INFORMATION
                 of the Arnold                          Harvard 
                                      Arboretum,                    University
                                                                                             10
     VoLUrtE 13 3                   SEPTEMBER              1953                    NUMBER 
                                                      25, 
                             METHODS IN PLANT 
                     NEW                                    PROPAGATION
               majority of horticultural varieties of ornamental trees and shrubs must
     THE                                           for      reason             do 
      be                                               the          that           not 
              grown by vegetative propagation                            they          develop
     true from seeds.                       can be                             or            on
                         However, they               propagated by grafting        budding 
               or clonal                 stem or root             and     soil or air 
     seedling            rootstocks, by                 cuttings       by             layering.
                                                   of 
     All of these                have the flavor                                    of trees of
                    procedures                         great antiquity.  Grafting 
            on            rootstocks was known in the Roman                 while air 
     merit     seedling                                             period             layering
     was                 the Chinese thousands of                             far back in time
                                                      years 
          performed by                                      ago.  Moreover, 
     horticulturists used distinct methods of                    root formation of 
                                                   encouraging                        cuttings.
           often          a            seed in a cleft made at the base of the             thus
     They         placed  sprouting                                               cutting 
                                         which stimulates root               Bottom heat for
     providing the added hormone                                   growth. 
                         was                      a trench with               manure covered
                   beds                                           fresh horse 
     propagating             provided by filling 
                                       of      manure                                      The
     with soil.  The                       the           provided the necessary heat. 
                      decomposition 
                           air                                    from an                  sus-
     Chinese         their            moist     water                      earthen vessel 
               kept            layers        by        dripping 
                     a 
              above                                 moss           the branch.
     pended            split clay pot containing          circling 
                                                                     which 
        The modern                now has          new                      make 
                      propagator            many        techniques                productivity
                                                              such                        indo-
             and his work easier.                                   as indoleacetic and 
     higher                           Synthetic hormones, 
     lebutyric acid, stimulate root formation in  cuttings and air layers.  Generally,
                                                 of                     in        or 
     hormones are            to the cut surface     the          either 
                    applied                             cutting            liquid    powdered
                                 in                     for what is             for one 
     form.         are made         various 
            They              up             strengths,              practical          species
           be               for another.  Each          has a          combination of charac-
     may      impractical                        plant        unique 
                      in                    within the            so       it                 to
     teristics, even     the                            species,     that    is  impractical 
                             relationship 
                                          must        for        are                      differ
     advocate the exact hormone one              use,                           and 
                                                          plants      complex        may 
     from         to 
           place     place.
        Bottom         in                  is  now                electric          cables that
                 heat              frames 
                          cutting                  provided b~             heating 
     has a significant value for            cuttmgs.          humidity needed for softwood
                                    many               High 
               was                                enclosed cases and 
                                            glass 
     cuttings       formerly provided by                               recently supplemented
                                                      film is now        to 
         automatic mist                                            used     maintain        hu-
     by                   sprayers.  Polyethylene                                     high 
                                              in                     These 
                       in          beds and      aerial                     achievements        not 
               midity     cutting                        layering.                          do       sub-
                                                      of 
                                                         the                but       do 
               stitute for the skill and judgment             propagator,       they      make his task
                      and there is an incalculable            in labor.
               easier                                 saving 
                                                    film is     of 
                 This new                   plastic        one     the most useful materials in horti-
                            polyethylene 
                                                                  This          film 
                       and          immense                                          is the       as that
               culture                                    today.                            same 
                            enjoys            popularity                plastic 
                                                   frozen foods and 
               used in the               of home                       some fruits and                  It
                            packaging                                                    vegetables. 
                                                         mail 
               can     obtained      the       at              order and                 stores.  We 
                   be            by      yard     large                    department                 are
                                                        of                   and 
                     it for air          stratification    seeds,                               material
               using           layering,                          shipping       storing plant 
               and for the new                 unit.
                                 propagating 
                                           unit                 the writer has           to     of 
                 This new                       developed by                     proved      be 
                            propagating                                                             great
               value to the amateur                and can be modified for                     needs.  A
                                       propagator                               professional 
                                  flat is       with                       or a           of 
               deep                      filled       sand, vermiculite,         mixture      sand, peat
                     greenhouse 
                     and                   For            which root                  sand or vermicu-
               moss       "Styrofoam."          cuttings               easily, sharp 
               lite will do.  For more difficult material a mixture is made          of 
                                                                                 up     seventy percent
                     ten                  clean sand and                                       This 
               peat,      percent sharp                    twenty percent "Styrofoam."               sty-
                                           shredded from a florist                     The        or 
               rene          comes                                            house.        hard     soft
                    plastic         finely                            supply 
                                                                               in 
                                   treated with a hormone             and set     the 
               wood            are                                                    flat.  The 
                     cuttings                                powder                             cuttings
                                         well.  Next a wire frame is made over the flat for a 
               then should be watered                                                             frame-
               work to           a        cheesecloth               Over the cheesecloth is             a
                        support  damp                   covering.                               placed 
               sheet of the                                     film                 to tuck under the
                             semi-transparent polyethylene            large enough 
                      ends and bottom of the flat.  This               has the                         of
               sides,                                          plastic           unexpected quality 
                                                         the           to 
                         loss of water and                                "breathe." The cheesecloth
              checking                      yet permits      cuttings 
                                               in     flat      adds a little        for 
                        the moisture              the      and                shade      the 
               spreads                evenly                                                  cuttings.
                 When                 the                unit can be           on a                bench
                         completed,        propagation                 placed        greenhouse 
                                   a                           late         and 
              or in a window of                           the       spring        summer the unit can
                                     dwelling.  During 
                                 a       or in     shade of a                          this 
               be         under  tree          the                          By              method the
                  placed                                        building.       using 
                                    to               for weeks or even months if well                  in
               unit does not need       be watered                                            sealed; 
                           than one                   even be harmful! If              in a 
              fact, more              watering may                             placed        greenhouse
              or         window         should be shaded         a                      hot 
                                  they                       by                 during       sunny 
                  sunny                                            newspaper                        days
              of               is incredible how "domesticated" the 
                 summer.  It                                                cuttings become, 
                                                                                                growing
                     and          in what seems a natural habitat.
               green      turgid 
                 Once the             are                        care must be taken for          must not
                            cuttings      adequately rooted,                               they 
               be          to extreme             in                 Remove framework of wires and
                 subjecte~l             changes      atmosphere. 
                             then           the          film over the            and          excessive
              cheesecloth,         replace      plastic                 cuttings       during 
              hot              a              shade over the film to                        of cuttings.
                   days place  newspaper                                prevent burning 
                        it      a                    we are                    to find                the
               Perhaps     was  coincidence, but              highly pleased             by leaving 
                      on for                        azaleas and rhododendrons will 
                             a considerable                                            break 
              plastic                        time,                                            dormancy
                                    has       a                     for                       When 
              earlier.  This alone       been                factor     many nurserymen.              the
                                                disturbing 
                        are well hardened,           can be planted in a coldframe, lath house or
              cuttings                         they 
                                  of                                      insurance of air in the 
                         The use                            the essential                           root-
              nursery.               "Styrofoam" gives 
                   mixture over a                   These small              of plastic        eliminate
              ing                   long period.                   particles             help 
                                                                                       in 
              the           of                 the                             be left    the       mix-
                                                                         may 
                   problem     over-watering        cuttings.  Cuttings                        peat 
                                                          (i·o
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                                                      PLATE XIII
                        dbnae-YIcIntosh                 taken June 20.                       rooted
                                         apple cuttings                  Fifty eight percent 
                                                                were 
                        (under                     and the rest              callused when the ex-
                               polyethylene film)                    heavily 
                                 was 
                        periment     discontinued.
                        Ce~ate~A               kit for          described on       62.
                                  propagation         amateurs,               page 
                                          Rho. fortunei        on rooted        of Rho. 
                       l3otto~rc-Grafting               hybrid           cutting         "Cunning-
                       ham’s White" takes        two months under                film from the time
                                            only                   polyethylene 
                                   is inserted until the          has                five 
                       the                                   unit     knit.                      of
                           cutting                     graft                Seventy      percent 
                       these        were successful.  From left to                 Rho. 
                                                                                of 
                             grafts                              right:  Cutting         "Cunning-
                       ham’s White."        of rooted          removed and scion          for inser-
                                       Top             cutting                     ready 
                                                                         film              in 
                       tion.  Graft made       cut       of                   to hold scion 
                                         using     strips   polyethylene                     place.
                                   graft         well.
                       Completed        growing 
                                                          (i ~.
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...Arnoldia a continuation of the bulletin popular information arnold harvard arboretum university volurte september number methods in plant new propagation majority horticultural varieties ornamental trees and shrubs must for reason do be that not grown by vegetative they develop true from seeds can or on however propagated grafting budding clonal stem root soil air seedling rootstocks cuttings layering all these have flavor procedures great antiquity was known roman while merit period chinese thousands far back time years performed ago moreover horticulturists used distinct formation encouraging often seed cleft made at base thus placed sprouting cutting which stimulates bottom heat providing added hormone growth trench with manure covered beds fresh horse propagating provided filling necessary decomposition an sus their moist water earthen vessel kept layers dripping above moss branch pended split clay pot containing circling modern now has make propagator many techniques productivity ...

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