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                                                                 Carl rogers theory pdf
    back to Rogers An Analysis of Carl Rogers' Theory of Personality by Dagmar Pescitelli Since the beginning of the personality study, personality theories have offered a wide range of explanations for behavior and what constitutes the person. This essay offers a closer look at Carl Rogers' humanist
    personality theory. Rogers' personality theory evolved from his clinical psychologist work and developed as an off-shoot of his client-centered therapy theory (then called a person-centered) (Rogers, 1959). He was above all a therapist, with constant respect for the dignity of people and an interest in
    people as subjects rather than objects. Rogers' approach to people's study is phenomenological and idiographic. His vision of human behavior is that he is "squirely rational" (Rogers, 1961, p.194) In his opinion: "the nucleus of man's nature is essentially positive" (1961, p.73) and is a "confidence
    organism" (1977, p.7) These beliefs are reflected in his theory of personality. To examine this theory more closely, a summary of the key features follows, with subsequent exploration of Rogers' self-view, his vision of the human condition and his logic for improving this condition. A short global assessment
    will conclude the discussion. While Rogers' humanistic conception of personality has strengths and weaknesses, it is a valuable contribution to the study of people, recognizing the agency, freedom and the importance ofthe actualization of the rogers tendency (1959) argues that the human organism has a
    underlying "current theory", which aims to develop all the skills in ways that maintain or value the organism and move it towards autonomy. This trend is directional, constructive and present in all living things. the current trend can be suppressed but can never be destroyed without the destruction of the
    organism (rogers, 1977). the concept of the current trend is the only motive force in theory. it includes all motivations; tension, necessity, or reductions of unity; and creative trends and pleasure-try (rogers, 1959). only the organism as a whole has this tendency, parts of it (as the self) do not. Madame
    (1996) describes it as a "biological pressure to satisfy genetic blueprint" (p106). each person therefore has a fundamental mandate to satisfy their potential. my "honour field" of the human organism includes all the experiences available at a given moment, both conscious and unconscious (rogers, 1959).
    As development happens, part of this field differs and this becomes me of the person (hall & lindzey, 1985; rogers, 1959). I'm a central construct in this theory. develops through interactions with others and involves the awareness of being and working. self-conception is "the organized set of features that
    the individual perceives as peculiar to himself" (ryckman, 1993, p.106). is largely based onsocial evaluations he has experienced. Self-realizing trend A distinctly psychological form of the current trend linked to this "I" is the "self-current trend". It involves the actualization of that part of experience
    symbolized in the ego (Rogers, 1959). It can be seen as a push to experience yourself in a manner consistent with your own conscious vision of what you are (Meddi, 1996). Connected to the development of self-conception and self-actualization are secondary needs (although they are likely to be learned
    in childhood): the "necessary for positive attention from others" and "the need for a positive self-consideration", an internationalized version of the previous one. These lead to the favor of behavior that is consistent with the self-conception of the person (Meddi, 1996). When others significant in the person's
    world (usually parents) provide a positive judgment that is conditional, rather than unconditional, the person introduces the desired values, making them own, and acquires "value conditions" (Rogers, 1959). Self-conception therefore becomes based on these standards of value rather than on clinical
    evaluation. These value conditions disturb the "organic evaluation process", which is a fluid and continuous process for which the experiences are accurately symbolized and evaluated according to the optimal improvement of the body and the car (Rogers, 1959). The need for positive self-esteem leads to
    selective perception of experienceof the conditions of value that now exist. those experiences in accordance with these conditions are perceived and accurately symbolized in awareness, while those that are not distorted or denied in awareness. This leads to an inconsistency between the ego as
    perceived and the actual experience of the organism, resulting in possible confusion, tension and maladaptive behavior (rogers, 1959.) such extinction is the common human condition. Experiences can be perceived as threatening without conscious awareness by means of contraception, a form of
    discrimination without awareness that can lead to anxiety. fully functioning person and self theoretically, an individual can develop optimally and avoid the previously described results if they experience only "unconditional positive aspect" and no value condition develops. the needs of positive respect by
    others and the positive self-regard would correspond to the organic evaluation and there would be congruence between itself and experience, with a complete psychological regulation accordingly (rogers, 1959.) this ideal human condition is embodied in the "full working person" that is open to the
    experience able to live existentially, trusts in its organism, expresses freely, acts independently, is creative and lives a richer life; "good life" (rogers, 1961) should be noted that: "Good life is a process not a state of being. is a direction, not a destination (rogers, 1961, p. 186.)" for the great majoritypeople
    who do not have an optimal childhood there is hope of change and development towards psychological maturity through therapy, in which the goal is to dissolve the conditions of value, reach a self-congruent with experience and restore the physiological evaluation process (rogers, 1959). in rogers' view
    (1959, 1961, 1977) personality change is certainly possible and is also a necessary part of growth. However, note that self-acceptance is a prerequisite (1961). rogers originally did not recognize the importance of me. when he started his work he had the "disturbed notion that I was a vague, ambiguous,
    scientifically meaningless term that was owed by the vocabulary of the psychologist with the departure of the introspectists" (1959, p.200). However, through his work with customers came to appreciate the importance of himself. the I is described as: the organized, coherent, conceptual gestalt composed
    of perceptions of the characteristics of myself and perceptions of the relationships of me or me to others and to various aspects of life, along with the values attached to these perceptions. (rogers, 1959, p.200) this gestalt is a fluid and changing process, available for awareness. oando the term gestalt,
    rogers indicates the possibility of changing it by describing it as "a configuration in which the alteration of a minor aspect could alter the whole picture" (p.201). the concept of self of rogers is quite wide. he doesa variation of self: the "ideal self" that denotes the self-conception that the individual would like
    to possess (Rogers, 1959), but other explicit variations are not offered. Similarly, the specific concepts related to identity development and identity are missing, although the self image is certainly revised and undergoes change throughout life. Exactly when the differentiation of the phenomenal field in car
    also occurs is not specified. Rogers' concept of self-realization is specifically linked to the self and is therefore different from the use of Goldstein of the term (which corresponds to the current trend) and also different from that of Maslow which seems to incorporate both trends into one (Maddi, 1996). The
    current trend is fundamental to this theory. Rogers considers it "the deepest truth of man" (1965, p.21). Find strong biological support for this trend in many different organisms. Rogers' conception of an active push forward is a great start from Freud's beliefs and others who poses a goal of reducing
    tension, balance, or homeostasis (Krebs & Blackman, 1988; Maddi, 1996). Rogers (1977) notes that sensory deprivation studies support this concept as the absence of external stimuli leads to a flood of internal stimuli, not balance. While the idea of an up-to-date trend makes sense, Rogers never
    specifies that some of the intrinsic abilities that maintain and improve life could be. Maybe because doing it could violate Rogers'"(Meddi, 1996, p.104) maddi also suggests that belief in the intrinsic potential can reside in the position of this theory as an off-shoot of psychotherapy where it is useful for both
    the client and the therapist to have a belief in the unlimited possibilities. However, the application of this idea to all human beings in a personality theory establishes the logical requirement of precision on what potentials could be (Meddi, 1996.) the intrinsic potential of the current trend can suffer distorted
    expression when misadaptation occurs, resulting in destructive behavior for themselves and others. trends of actualization and self-actualization can be for cross-border purposes when alienation occurs from the real self, so there is fitec movement in one direction and conscious struggle in another. rogers
    (1977) has reviewed his previous thinking about this inconsistency, stating that, while previously he saw the split between himself and the experience as natural, while unlucky, now believes in society, (especially in Western culture,) culturally conditions, rewards and strengthens the behaviors that are
    "perversions of the current unitary trend (p.248") we do not enter the foreign world from ourselves, rogers (1961) finds the human child to be actually a model of congruence. is seen as completely authentic and integrated, unified in experience, awareness and communication. distorted perceptionsvalue
    conditions cause our departure from this integration. There is some empirical support for the hypothesis that congruence between itself and experience leads to a better adaptation of personality and less defensive (Chodorkoff, 1954; cited in Rogers, 1959). Some research also supported the idea of self-
    conception changes that occur as a result of therapy (Butler & Haigh, 1954; cited in Rogers, 1954). However, Maddi (1996) raises and points of interest in such studies. While it turned out that self-descriptions move towards ideals after consulting and would hire closer a person is of full operation the
    smallest discrepancy would be, ideal statements can be operational representations of value conditions, which are socially imposed. Value conditions must be dissolved rather than moved to full operation in this theory! While Rogers sees the common human condition as one of the inconsistencies
    between himself and experience, this does not minimize his ultimate belief in the autonomy of human beings. Rogers (1977, p15) sees the human being as: "to assess the external and inner situation, to understand in its context, to make constructive choices like the next steps of life, and to act on those
    choices." This illustrates a belief in agency and free will. While humans behave rationally, Rogers (1961, p.195) argues that: "The tragedy for most of us is that our defenses prevent us from being aware of thisin order that we move consciously in one direction, while we move in another organismally".
    Unlike Freud, Rogers did not see conflict as inevitable and human beings as fundamentally destructive. It is only when "man is less than fully man", it does not work freely, which must be feared (1961, p.105). The human capacity of awareness and the ability to symbolize gives us enormous power, but
    this awareness is a double-cut phenomenon: Un distorted awareness can lead to full functioning and rich life, while distortions in awareness lead to misadaptation and a multitude of destructive behaviors (Rogers, 1965). The "correct person" is the polar opposite of the fully functioning individual (which
    was introduced early in this essay). The maladjusted individual is defensive, rather keeps his life improving, lives on a preconceived plane, feels manipulated rather than free, and is common and conform rather than creative (Maddi, 1996). The fully functioning person, on the contrary, is completely devoid
    of defense, open to experience, creative and able to live "good life". Empirical support for the fully functioning person is a little mixed. The opening to the characteristic experience was supported (Coan, 1972; cited in Maddi, 1996). However, some studies found that opening up to experience and active
    trust did not intervene, contrary to expectations (Pearson, 1969, 1974; cited in Maddi, 1996). Ryckmann (1993) notes that some studies have foundpeople are more accepting than others and Maddi (1996) cites numerous studies that indicate self-accepting people also seem to be more accepting than
    others. It's a bit disconcerting given its humanistic emphasis on individuality, which Rogers describes only two extremes of people. Maddi (1996) suggests that these extreme characterizations of only two types can be due to this personality theory being secondary to a therapy theory. It is appropriate that
    a theory of psychotherapy should be concerned with the two extremes of the fullest functioning and maladaptation. However, when weaving on all people, two types are insufficient. Carl Rogers was more interested in improving the human condition and applying his ideas. His therapy focused on the
    person can be his most influential contribution to psychology. Rogers' pervasive interest in therapy is what clearly differentiates him from Maslow, despite some similarities in their ideas. The approach focused on the person had an impact on domains outside of therapy such as family life, education,
    leadership, conflict resolution, community policy and health (Krebs & Blackman, 1988). In my opinion, Rogers' greatest contribution can reside in its encouraging a human and ethical treatment of people, approaching psychology as human science rather than a natural science. References carl rogers
    theory pdf. carl rogers theory of personality ppt. carl rogers theory of learning. carl rogers theory of personality pdf. carl rogers theory of humanistic personality. carl rogers theory of self actualization. carl rogers theory in hindi. carl rogers theory focused on
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